AIDS Article Free Essays

The article is composed by a gay man, who lost his first accomplice to AIDS and devoted himself to spreading data about HIV avoidance and battling for legislative consideration regarding the issue so as to spare ‘other gay and androgynous men from losing the ones they love’ (Williams, 2006, para. 6). Clark Williams likewise filled in as the between time official executive of the Billy DeFrank LGBT Community Center right now of the article’s discharge and as a supervisor of county’s HIV counteraction, advising, and testing initiatves in 2001-2003. We will compose a custom exposition test on Helps Article or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now The article reports the LGBT people group of Santa Clara County joining other concerned residents at a gathering where the county’s Board of Supervisors Chair vowed to pull in extra money related assets to reinforce general wellbeing framework even with quickening pace of HIV transmission. The focal point of the exertion ought to be counteraction and early conclusion. The article reviews the beginning of HIV/AIDS scourge that was first viewed as an uncommon type of disease jeopardizing gay and swinger male New Yorkers. In 2006, the quantity of Americans who passed on from AIDS arrived at 550,000 and kept on developing. Around 40,000 residents are getting tainted with HIV consistently. Santa Clause Clara County, as far as it matters for its, has lost 2,000 inhabitants to the ailment. More than 2,500 were living with HIV/AIDS; this number may have been significantly higher in light of the fact that one of every three residents having HIV stays undiscovered. 80 percent of new contaminations with the infection in Santa Clara County were among gay and promiscuous guys. Santa Clause Clara County is accounted for as being ‘near the core of our nation’s HIV/AIDS epidemic’ (Williams, 2006, para. 5). Aside from concentrating on the human catastrophe of living with HIV determination or loosing a companion, a relative, an associate, or a neighbor to the infection, the article talks about the issue of HIV/AIDS through the crystal of monetary weight on the county’s government disability framework. Lifetime cost of HIV treatment is assessed to be as high as $155,000 per understanding. These expenses are a lot higher if the illness isn't analyzed at beginning times, which is frequently the situation in Santa Clara County, where patients find out about their HIV status in a crisis room. Nonetheless, the creator takes note of a few constructive improvements in the field of general wellbeing, for example, hazard decrease directing to individuals living with HIV/AIDS and open HIV test advising areas. Santa Clause Clara County is contrasted and San Francisco, where HIV test guiding offices are bottomless. In Santa Clara County, there is just a single open testing office, regardless of the way that the quantity of LGBT is more than 100,000 in the region. The Billy DeFrank LGBT Community Center is considered as the most fitting spot to build up another full-time test advising office, since it is known for its greatness in giving HIV anticipation to in danger populace. One extra testing office won't take care of the issue in the region. It isn't just LGBT populace that is particularly influenced by the spread of HIV/AIDS. Other helpless gatherings incorporate ethnic minorities, destitute and runaway youth, and medication addicts. In this way, five low maintenance testing focuses ought to be opened across Santa Clara County. One of the primary qualities of the article is the way that it is composed from an insider’s viewpoint. Affinity between the writer and perusers is promptly settled when Clark Williams shares his own catastrophe of loosing his cherished once to AIDS. Nonetheless, enthusiastic emotion isn't the fundamental part of the writer’s believability: Williams is a pioneer of Santa Clara County’s LGBT people group, proficient of the real Status Quo as to HIV/AIDS anticipation and guiding. Step by step instructions to refer to AIDS Article, Papers

Karl Marx Essays (1871 words) - Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels

Karl Marx Human connections have consistently been dynamic. Change and flexibility have gone connected at the hip with the progression of time for human culture. Frameworks have been created to manage, direct and control the assets of this general public. The frameworks are alluded to as governments and the assets as the people or occupants and powers of creation. An administration must be dynamic in its tendency mirroring the adjustment in the public arena. On occasion these frameworks have opposed the need to adjust with its parts (Society) making a shortage between the framework and those it manages. As the deficiencies create, they cause shakiness, furthermore, could prompt revolution.1 Theories have been created to clarify the fundamental marvel Karl Marx was the best mastermind and rationalist of his time. His view changed the manner by which individuals think. He made an open door for the lower class to transcend the nobles and bombed due to the making of the white collar class. In spite of this disappointment, he was as yet an extraordinary political pioneer and set the premise of Communism in Russia. His life contributed to the manner in which individuals think today, and on account of him individuals are progressively open to recommendation and are faster to make thoughts on policy driven issues. Karl Heinrich Marx was conceived May fifth, 1818 in Trier. In spite of the fact that he had three different kin, all sisters, he was the most loved kid to his Father, Heinrich. His mom, a Dutch Jewess named Henrietta Pressburg, had no enthusiasm for Karl's scholarly side during his life. His dad was a Jewish legal counselor, and before his passing in 1838, changed over his family to Christianity to save his activity with the Prussian state. At the point when Heinrich's mom kicked the bucket, he no longer felt he had a commitment to his religion, along these lines helping him in the choice in going to Christianity. Karl's adolescence was an upbeat and lighthearted one. His folks had a decent relationship and it help set Karl the correct way. His ?astonishing characteristic endowments' stirred in his dad the expectation that they would one day be utilized in the administration of humankind, while his mom proclaimed him everything would go well. (A mind-blowing narrative, Mehring, page 2). In High school Karl stuck out among the group. When requested to compose a report On the most proficient method to pick a calling he adopted an alternate strategy. He took the point wherein most intrigued him, by saying that there was no real way to pick a calling, yet due to conditions one is put in an occupation. An individual with a noble foundation is bound to have a higher job in the public arena as juxtaposed to somebody from an a lot more unfortunate foundation. While at Bonn at the time of eighteen he got connected with to Jenny von Westphalen, little girl of the upperclassmen Ludwig von Westphalen. She was the beloved companion of Marx's most established sister, Sophie. The commitment was a mystery one, which means they got connected with without inquiring consent of Jenny's folks. Heinrich Marx was uncomfortable with this yet previously long the assent was given. Karl's school life other than his imprints is obscure. He never talked about his companions as an adolescent, and nobody has ever came to discuss him through his life. He left secondary school in August of 1835 to go on to the College of Bonn in the fall of that year to examine law. His dad needed him to be an attorney much such as himself yet when Karl's wild college life was disrupting the general flow following a year Heinrich moved him to Berlin. Likewise, he didn't go to most talks, and demonstrated little enthusiasm for what was to be learned. Karl's wild ways were not endured at Berlin, an increasingly traditionalist school without the insidious methods of different colleges. While at Berlin, Marx turned out to be a piece of the gathering known as the Yong Hegelians. The gathering was sorted out to some degree because of the way of thinking instructor Hegel that educated from 1818 to his demise. The lessons of Hegel formed the manner in which the school thought towards most things. The individuals who considered Hegel and his beliefs were known as the Young Hegelians. Hegel discussed the turn of events and advancement of the psyche and of thoughts. Despite the fact that Karl was more youthful than most in the gathering, he was perceived for his scholarly capacity and turned into the focal point of the gathering. While at Berlin He came to accept that all the different sciences and ways of thinking were some portion of one larger, which, when finished, which would give a valid and absolute image of the universe and man.

Understanding of Life after Death Essay Example for Free

Comprehension of Life after Death Essay Regarding the subjects you have explored, analyze and remark on the case that the lessons of the new confirmation don't increase the value of our estimation of our comprehension of Life in the afterlife. (50 imprints) The case that the lessons of the New Testament don't increase the value of our estimation of our comprehension of eternal life is an extremely large case to make. Regarding the points I have researched, 1Cor 15, St. Paul, Soma, The Soul, Dualism, Monism and the Empty Tomb, I will inspect and remark on that guarantee. This case is disputable in light of the fact that it has numerous complaints from different researchers and numerous Christians. In 1 Corinthians 15 there are six key areas. The first is Christ’s Resurrection. Here Paul is quick to tell the Corinthians that he isn’t the instructor on eternal life and that he is basically passing on Jesus’ message, on the grounds that as we probably am aware, Jesus was the educator and his missionaries, which later included Paul after Damascus, were his envoys. The subsequent segment is the disavowal of the restoration. Paul says that a few people contend that â€Å"there will be no revival of the dead† and a few researchers contend this is definitely not a philosophical contention, yet Paul contends that the spirit is interminable and not the body. Paul shows the religious ramifications of the complaints from Corinth are that in the event that dead men don’t rise, at that point Christ didn't rise and Christian confidence is vacant. Paul keeps on saying that on the off chance that Christ was not raised, at that point our proclaiming is futile. Plainly Jesus’ restoration more likely than not occurred as the custom has endure. The third segment is about the results of Christ’s revival. Barrett composes that â€Å"the revival of Christ is a vow and evidence of the restoration of his people†. St Paul makes an immediate connection among Adam and Christ, Adam’s activities had broad results, for example, unique sin and Christ’s Resurrection has too such outcome, for example, widespread salvation. Paul goes on around two distinct requests, Christ and his adherents. Morris contends that the Greek word for obliterated doesn't infer battling, only that all standard, other than Christ, we will be rendered invalid and void. Segment four is about the Arguments from Christian Experience. V29 realizes a sudden change in center, and St Paul moves from Christ to Christian. Area five goes on about a substantial revival. St Pauls utilizes the wonder of the reap and says that are bodies are â€Å"sown up† in debasement, disrespect and shortcoming, however it will be brought up in incorruption, greatness and force. Paul’s educating of a celebrated body is a stamped distinction from Jewish idea, as they anticipated an indistinguishable body. Segment six and the last segment is about the triumph over death. This is the place Paul clarified that the individuals who rise will be extraordinary and not fragile living creature and blood. Paul focuses on the coherence present and future state with fourfold utilization of the word â€Å"this†. He underscores that ‘this’ transient and ‘this’ mortal will be dressed with imperishablity and everlasting status. As I would like to think, 1Cor 15 doesn’t help the case that the lessons of the New Testament don't add anything to our comprehension of Life after Death since it enlightens us concerning how we can topple passing and crush it. John Drane contends that Paul’s change making progress toward Damascus, along with Jesus’ Passion, Death and Resurrection, persuaded that he was genuinely living within the sight of God. From a nearby investigation of the New Testament, it tends to be contended that St Paul changed his conviction about restoration as time advanced. St Paul talked about Parousia to the Christians. The Parousia is the last triumph over insidiousness, when Jesus rises once more. At first, St Paul held a solid whole-world destroying view which was that all Christians will live until the Parousia, yet this was tested by the Thessalonian Christians, the same number of them started to bite the dust. St Paul at that point said that the individuals who have passed on will be raised to new life at the Parousia. He at that point included that the individuals who were all the while living toward the finish of time of the Parousia would be changed at a similar moment. St Paul at that point announced that this change would not be abrupt, however a steady change, starting with transformation and consummation with death, which would lead legitimately into another presence in an otherworldly body without the requirement for the Parousia to show up first. Drane contends that the change in St Paul’s thinking speaks to a change from foul Jewish view to a progressively complex position that owed a ton to the impact of Greek way of thinking. The Greek Tradition is that the Hellenistic intuition started from Plato who said that the spirit is insignificant and doesn't consume space. It in this way doesn't break down. It is undying. While the Jewish view is that they accepted that, somehow or another, the spirit starts to die at death, and the psycho-physical solidarity that was the individual is re-made somewhere else. The inquiry has been posed regarding whether Paul at any point put stock in otherworldly restoration? Regardless of whether Paul believed in a profound restoration, at that point that would demonstrate to help our comprehension on Life in the afterlife. Most researchers can't help contradicting the thought that St Paul had confidence in an absolutely profound revival, as this is an extremely crude Christian conviction that has since been supplanted with faith in a physical restoration. Anyway Carrier and Friedman keep up that there are various contentions to help this view. To begin with, that St Paul encountered a dream making progress toward Damascus, during which he was changed over. In this way, it is sensible to propose that the appearances were comprehended by Paul to likewise be dreams, and not truly physical events, as depicted in the Gospel of Luke and John. For Paul utilized a similar Greek word to portray the ‘appearance’ in the two occurrences. Furthermore, that in 1Cor 15, Paul composes of ‘perishable’ and ‘imperishable’ bodies; he additionally makes a differentiation between things of earth and things of paradise. Since he doesn’t disavow the prevalent view that things of paradise are ethereal, it tends to be contended that the individuals at Corinth previously acknowledged it. In this manner, it is ‘prima facie’ that it is sensible to recommend that St Paul was inferring that the ‘imperishable body’ was ethereal, and not physical. Besides, St Paul truly makes this qualification calling the short-lived body ‘psychikos’ which implies a characteristic body and the perpetual body ‘pneumatikos’ which is an otherworldly body, and says that the two of them exist together in one body. He says that the body we know, the collection of tissue, is own solitary this other, second body, the body of the soul, ascends to new life. At long last, St Paul says, that â€Å"flesh and blood can't acquire the Kingdom of God† on the grounds that they are a piece of the short-lived body, though it is a long-lasting body that ascents to new life. However these contentions have been out and out dismissed by most of researchers, who favor the possibility that St Paul did really trust in a real restoration. So for what reason does it appear to be persuading to such an extent that St Paul had faith in a substantial revival? Academic discussion has distinguished that right off the bat, Paul’s self-recognized Jewish legacy blocks such an end. Also, that the language Paul uses to portray the revival, most prominently â€Å"soma†, accentuates the physical idea of the restored individual. What's more, thirdly lastly, Paul’s conviction that Christians quickly went to be with Jesus upon their passing, yet at the same time anticipated a â€Å"resurrection† exhibits that the revival being talked about was a physical one. I accept that there is no uncertainty that there is a solid Jewish foundation to Christianity. Transporter and Friedman overlook this foundation, contending that since Christianity changed some Jewish convictions, there is no piece of Judaism that is enlightening to Christianity. The little respect that Carrier and Friedman display for Paul’s Jewish foundation is in direct repudiation of the significance Paul obviously puts on it. Bearer again endeavors to confound the issue by contending that, regardless of whether Paul was a Jew, just the Pharisees had faith in a real restoration. The Sadducees and Essenes didn't. In addition, Young contends that Pharisees focused on a strict restoration of the physical body, which would be brought together with the soul of a person. By adjusting himself to a Pharisaic foundation, Paul gives us a significant understanding into the importance he connects the term ‘resurrection’; he had faith in a physical restoration of the body. â€Å"Soma† underscores the physical. In his composition, St Paul utilizes the Greek word ‘soma’ to allude to the body. Critically, he doesn't utilize it exclusively for alluding to revival; fortifying the contention that when it is utilized to allude to restoration, it will bite the dust; yet it will likewise be restored. â€Å"Soma† is additionally referenced in the NT yet not alluding to revival. In 1Cor 15:3, Paul says that his ‘soma’ is absent with the Corinthians, however his ‘spirit’ is; underlining the physical idea of the ‘soma’. Barrett contends that Paul’s utilization of the word ‘spirit’ here informal as opposed to philosophical. In Rom 4:19, ‘soma’ is utilized to portray how the assortments of Abraham and Sarah were too old to possibly be rich; its physical nature, once more, focused. In like manner, the very reality that Paul utilizes the term ‘soma’ to clarif y the restoration shows that he is alluding to a physical occasion that includes the body of the adherent. Furthermore, Paul utilizes the similarity of the seed, focusing on the congruity of the natural body with the resurrecte

The Declaration of independence essays

The Declaration of freedom papers The Declaration of Independence, by Thomas Jefferson, is the report where American homesteaders battled for their opportunity from British guideline. The Second Continental Congress, with agents of the 13 British provinces in America, embraced the assertion on July 4, 1776. The report is partitioned into three sections, a presentation which is an announcement of chief concerning privileges of man of the unrest against Britain, a rundown of explicit grumblings not to parliament however to King George III, and a proper case of freedom from England. The Declaration of Independence mirrored the illuminated thoughts of European scholar John Locke and Sir Thomas Paine. John Locke was a logician who was the originator of the idea of government and the accepted that all individuals are equivalent with specific rights that the legislature can't damage on. The other man that had a great deal of impact in the possibility of freedom was Sir Thomas Paine. This 50 page leaflet declared that provinces got no preferred position from England which was misusing them. It additionally called for thought of provinces to get free and build up their own republican government. The Birthday of another world is close by said Thomas Paine; he additionally contrasted the government with a foundation. The one individual who was singled out in the Declaration of Independence was King George III. There were motivations to why the King is being asked or fundamentally told for what good reason this call for partition and autonomy. The ruler wouldn't make laws for the states prosperity. He preclude for governors to pass significant laws promptly that would profit states. That he set up the directing government over the Atlantic Ocean, by doing this depleted states legislative proposals into understanding since it took such a long time for an answer. The enormous one was that the he permitted Parliament to burden with no proper portrayal from province delegates. To finish it off he cut o... <! The Declaration of Independence expositions Over the span of time there are numerous contentions. There ought to be no compelling reason to battle with each other. America is for opportunity. There shouldnt be such a significant number of set backs to make things harder. Individuals ought to have the decision to pick how they need to live. They shouldnt need to engage in political contentions. In the event that everybody could simply regard conclusions and hear them out as opposed to getting issues made. We should all simply deal with ourselves. Homesteaders accept that the privileges of all pilgrims ought to be reasonable. Government should attempt to avoid homesteaders business. The motivation behind an administration is to keep everything sorted out. Government ought not need to battle among itself and cause issues in light of the fact that these issues begin to make pioneers lives more earnestly. Individuals all reserve the privilege to assessments and talk up to tell individuals issues. On the off chance that administration is chosen by settlers is ought to be changed by the pilgrims. The ruler had done numerous things to damage the pioneers. The lord had made us house and deal with fighters. This attacks protection of pilgrims. This is a cost that lone the lord should pay for considering he is the one that chooses to make there be troopers. The lord ought not have put burdens on sugar and molasses since it stops individuals that sell it from raking in boatloads of cash since certain individuals won't make good on charges. This makes pioneers that sell sugar hard to bring in cash. The lord ought not make homesteaders pay for stamps on everything and should just need to pay for everything once on the grounds that it is extremely badly arranged. The ruler shouldnt confine settling territories and should just barely get it more cash-flow for the land. The lord ought not make all pilgrims demonstration certain ways. He should let pilgrims support themselves and offer thoughts on how things ought to be changed without there being a major issue. America should remain solitary aside fro ... <!

Baseball History Research Paper

Baseball History Research Paper For many decades baseball has been a great source of entertainment and fun for a huge range of fans from all over the world. As we know, the first game was played in Hoboken, New Jersey on June 19, 1846. On that day the NY Knickerbockers were defeated by the NY Nine with the score of 23-1. The baseball players were keeping up to the rules, established by Alexander J. Cartwright. There’s also a myth that the inventor of baseball was Abner Doubleday, but that is not true. The basic rules of the game were created by Alexander Cartwright. The Cincinnati Red Stockings were the first professional baseball team, who played a range of successful games in 1869. The rules have been changing during the whole period of the game’s existence. In 1900 they were almost like the ones we have today. Nowadays a new generation of baseball players has come. Among them is Mark McGwire, Sammie Sosa, etc. However, there’s one significant difference between the players of our days and the ones from the previous decades. The baseball players are making huge sums of money now. Millions of dollars they get as their prizes. Also the equipment for the game has changed. For example, it was like that in the case with gloves. At first, the baseball players wore thin leather pieces on their hands. It had 5 holes for fingers. In 1890ies the gloves looked like the ones the players wear nowadays. You may wonder how come that

Chronotopic Shaping and Reshaping in H.G. Wells The Time Machine and Octavia E. Butlers Kindred - Literature Essay Samples

Mikhail Bakhtin, in his essay Forms of Time and Chronotope in the Novel, argues that the chronotope of a literary work – the configuration of time and space in the fictional world that the text projects – is inextricably connected with its characters: the image of man in literature†¦ is always intrinsically chronotopic. (Bakhtin, 85). In this paper I will apply his theory to two radically different texts that deal with time travel: H.G. Wells The Time Machine and Octavia Butlers Kindred. H.G. Wells The Time Machine contains three different chronotopes: the chronotope of the novellas frame narrative, the chronotope of the future world of 802,701, and the chronotope of the post-apocalyptic world. The chronotope of the frame narrative is the time travel chronotope, in which temporality and spatiality fuse together: time becomes a fourth dimension of Space (Wells, 8), and therefore it is a nexus in which both time and space are isotropic. A corollary of this unified sp ace-time continuum is predestination, because the ability to travel through time presupposes a fixed history, in order to avoid various logical paradoxes, such as the grandfather paradox. Hence, the free will of the characters situated in the fictional world constructed around this chronotope is of no ontological consequence; they are powerless to change their reality or shape their future. I suggest that the predestination governing this fictional world is precisely the cause of the characters lack of psychological depth: they are all stock characters, most of them named only after their profession and conforming to their professional stereotype the Medical Man is skeptical, the Editor is nosy and eager for a scoop, the Psychologist listens attentively and feigns understanding and the Time Traveler is eccentric and fervent, as any archetypical mad scientist. Their inherent flatness is the structural result of the time travel chronotope: complex characters with a rich background, p ersonal desires, passions, thoughts and quirks are ill-fit for a world upon which they have no impact. The chronotope of the future world of 802,701 is the evolution chronotope. This future world is the end result of environmental changes brought about by upper class humans, which led in turn to the division of the human race into two distinct species, one decadent and the other animalistic, due to the mechanism of natural selection, which prevents the preservation of traits that are no longer necessary for the survival of a species, like intellect in the case of the future humans. Natural selection, as delineated by Charles Darwin, links events together by contingency rather than design, because it is based on random changes in environment. It may be argued, however, that natural selection does not negate determinism, since it is possible that a force beyond nature governs environmental alterations that seem random. Nonetheless, the implied author of the narrative remains faithful to the Darwinistic paradigm and constructs the timeline of this fictional world as mutable, as is evident in the Time Travelers behavior: he acts as if he has free will and his actions have consequences. Moreover, he blames the human race for its own deterioration I grieved to think how brief the dream of the human intellect had been. It had committed suicide. (85) thereby preassuming that the humans responsible for the situation could have acted differently. Thus, from the implied authors ontological point of view, the fictional world of the embedded narrative is governed by contingency. Accordingly, its chronotope is the intersection of unbounded space and linear time, with a mutable timeline, bounded only by the Time Travelers quest for the Time Machine: the moment he recovers it, the Time Traveler leaves this world and the discourse time of this narrative comes to an end. The evolution chronotope shapes characters differently from the way they were molded by the time travel ch ronotope. The Time Traveler is no longer an archetypal mad scientist, but rather a complex man who struggles to survive in a dangerous world. We are given a much deeper insight into his emotions and frailties: at the outset we see him losing control I remember running violently†¦ beating the bushes with my clenched fists†¦ laying hands upon them and shaking them up together. (40) later on he wastes his precious matches on amusing the Eloi, and towards the end of his journey he accidentally burns down an entire forest. However, the Time Travelers psychological complexity manifests itself most clearly in his attitude towards Weena: he states that she was exactly like a child (48), and yet flirts with her she kissed my hands. I did the same to hers. (48); he complains that that he had as much trouble as comfort from her devotion (48), but immediately qualifies the complaint Nevertheless she was, somehow, a very great comfort (48); finally he feels the intensest wretchedne ss for the horrible death of little Weena (84), but asserts that she always seemed to me, I fancy, more human than she was, perhaps because her affection was so human. (70). In this context it is interesting to note that the Time Traveler perceives affection as an inherently human trait, because none of the characters in the frame narrative evince affection, although they are all human in the usual sense of the world. Furthermore, the Time Traveler himself expresses affection only towards Weena. To recapitulate, the Time Travelers shift from a world constructed around the time travel chronotope, to a world unified by the evolution chronotope, brings about his transformation from a flat character to a round one, who expresses the range of irrational behavior and conflicting thoughts and emotions that is the hallmark of psychological depth. We may therefore surmise that in this novella complexity of character is only rendered possible in a fictional world that entails temporal fluidit y. Furthermore, time in the future world of 802,701 leaves its marks on the Time Traveler His coat was dusty and dirty†¦ his face was ghastly pale†¦ his expression was haggard and drawn, as by intense suffering (17) whereas time in the fictional world of the frame narrative does not seem to alter the characters physically or mentally. This contrast is another corollary of the difference between the chronotopes of the two worlds.It may also be worth mentioning the third chronotope of the novella, which lies at the core of the post-apocalyptic fictional world. In this chronotope space is boundless, whereas time is both boundless and static at the same time. On the one hand, temporality is a dimension in this world, because otherwise there could be no movement within it. On the other hand, the life of this world is almost completely extinct the sun is dying, civilization is long gone, and the only creature remaining is a round thing†¦ black against the weltering blood -red water (93) – and without life time is in many aspects meaningless. Be that as it may, the chronotope of the post-apocalyptic world has little opportunity to influence the Time Traveler, since he quickly flees in horror of this great darkness (92). The difference between the shaping of fictional characters by the time travel chronotope to their shaping by the evolution chronotope may also offer a solution to one of the central mysteries of the text: why does the Time Traveler decide to undertake another journey in time, despite the fact that he narrowly escaped unscathed the first time? Ostensibly, he journeys in search of more tangible proof of his travels. However, the Time Traveler ipso facto cannot bring back proof substantial enough to make people believe him, because then in all probability the future he describes would be averted due to precautions taken in his present time, and if the future he describes no longer exists, then it is not possible that he travele d into this future, thereby creating a logical paradox. The Time Traveler, as a scientist, is probably aware of this paradox. Therefore, I suggest that he undertakes a second journey in time because he desires to enter, once again, a world structured around a chronotope that, to the extent of his knowledge, does not dictate a fixed timeline. He is well aware that the future of his own world is fixed, but by traveling to a world in which, from his limited point of view, the future may be open, the Time Traveler believes that he is once again assuming control over his life and mastering his fate. Perhaps that is why he has never returned (99). Octavia E. Butlers Kindred contains two chronotopes. The first chronotope, like that of The Time Machines frame narrative, is the time travel chronotope. In order to distinguish it from The Time Machines chronotope, I will henceforth call it the modern chronotope, since it predominantly deals with space and time in the twentieth century. The tem poral movement enabled by the modern chronotope is far more limited than that which is enabled by the Time Machines time travel chronotope. Dana, the narrator and protagonist, can travel through a vast stretch of time and space within a few moments, but this travel is restricted to shifts between her new house in Altadena, California, in the time span of a few weeks between the 9th of June to the 4th of July 1976, and Rufus Weylins immediate surroundings in Maryland, during Rufus lifetime between the 1830s to the 1850s. It is important to note two things about this chronotope, concerning the instances in which Dana is not time traveling. First, on the diegetic level temporality is linear: the narrative moves forward in time from Danas birthday to an unknown instance – as soon as my arm was well enough (262) – after the time travel has come to an end. On the extradiegetic level there are a few external analepses and one internal prolepsis (the loss of Danas arm), but th ese anachronisms are irrelevant to the discussion of the chronotope, because if we were to reconstruct the story from the narrative discourse, these events would be part of a linear timeline. Second, with the exception of the narrative anachronisms aforementioned, space is bounded to Danas home, precisely because of her abnormal spatial-temporal movement: I was still afraid to leave the house Driving, I could easily kill myself, and the car would kill other people if Rufus called me from it at the wrong time. Walking, I could get dizzy and fall while crossing the street. (116). Thus, the modern chronotope is an intersection of limited isotropic time and bounded space. However, despite the logical paradoxes of time travel, this chronotope does not create a fictional world governed by predestination. There are no textual indications that the actions of the fictional characters lack ontological consequences, thereby reducing them to the level of pawns of a fixed future. Quite the contr ary, Dana is portrayed as an especially independent and free thinking young woman, who talks back to her boss, decides to be a writer despite the objections of her aunt and uncle, marries the man she loves regardless of racial difference and family disapproval, and stands her ground when her husband attempts to force her into activities she detests, such as typing. Thus, although the implied author is clearly aware of time travel paradoxes, as she articulates through the Danas musings regarding Rufus His life could not depend on the actions of his unconceived descendant. No matter what I did, he would survive to father Hagar, or I could not exist. That made sense. (29) – she nonetheless creates an impossible world that contains both isotropic time and freedom of will and action. This impossibility can be pardoned, because time travel in Kindred is used to defamiliarize the past, by depicting it through the eyes of a homodiegetic narrator who has much more in common with the implied reader than she does with the average African American slave. The narrative thus recreates the horrors of slavery in a way which is intended to shock an audience already benumbed by innumerable slave narratives and documentaries. However, this affect is predicated on Danas depth and complexity, and therefore it is crucial that she be free to make her own choices on an ontological level, in at least one of the fictional worlds of the novel. Hence, the modern chronotope of confined space and restricted multidirectional time, coupled with ontological freedom, shape the characters as free beings who are constantly struggling with the oppressive forces pitted against them. Dana and Kevin, her husband, do not wait resignedly for her sudden abductions into the past, but exert every effort in order to increase her chances of survival: Kevin furnishes Dana with a weapon – On the side of me was a canvas tote bag containing†¦ the biggest switch knife I had ever seen (45) â €“ searches the local library, and even travels with her to the past, and Dana supplies herself with medication and a map of Maryland, and calls for help when she realizes that she cannot do her own shopping. The second chronotope of the novel is the slavery chronotope, in which space is bounded to the Weylin slave plantation, and time is linear the narrative moves forward in time from Rufus early childhood to his death and fragmented: the world is depicted in discontinuous sections of time, which are delimited at their start by a moment in which Rufus feels that his life is in danger, and at their end by a moment in which Dana feels her life is threatened. This fractured time creates fractured characters, because both the narrator and the reader have access to them only in isolated stages of their lives, with substantial gaps in between. Dana first meets Margaret Weylin, for example, when she is a young overprotective mother who beats her childs savior. Dana meets her a secon d time four years later, and she is still overprotective, fiercely jealous and vindictive. However, when Dana meets her for the third and last time, Margaret is eleven years older and profoundly changed: vulnerable, weak, and pathetic. Both Dana and the reader find it difficult to accept Margarets change, because for Dana only a few months have passed (including both the time she spent in the past and that which she spent in the present), and for the reader only a single chapter separates between Danas previous meeting with Margaret and the current one. Thus, we see here an example of how science fiction projects narrative techniques from the extradiegetic level to the diegetic one narrative ellipses become actual ellipses in the fictional worlds timeline – which create an affinity between Danas experience of time travel and the readers reading experience. This in turn brings about the deconstruction of the fictional characters as unified entities that change gradually over time. All the characters in this world, with the exception of Dana and Kevin, are incomplete, and as much as Dana loves Carrie, hates Tom Weylin, and pities Alice Greenwood, her perception of them is discontinuous, and she can never relate to them as fully as they relate to one another. The slavery chronotope leads us once again to the issue of predestination. This issue manifests itself on two levels. On one level, the question of whether the fictional worlds timeline is fixed or mutable must remain ambiguous, in order for the narrative to retain its credibility and poignancy. If the fictional world were clearly deterministic, the preservation of Danas ancestry would be assured and she would probably abandon Rufus to his death, thereby bringing the story to an abrupt end. Yet if the fictional world were overtly subject to change, then the narrative would lose its raw power of depicting Danas attempts to instill Rufus with modern moral values and to alleviate the suffering of the pl antation slaves as gambling against history (83), a struggle doomed to failure. By the end of the narrative it is still unclear if the fictional worlds timeline is fixed, in which case Dana has no choice but to rescue her ancestor, or rather if it is open, in which case she indeed saves her lineage and herself through her endurance and resourcefulness. This ambiguity is heightened by the absence of any mention of Dana in the newspaper reporting Rufus death I could find nothing in the incomplete newspaper records to suggest that he had been murdered, (263) – thereby suggesting that his demise was predetermined, and it is of little consequence that Dana was the agent of death. On the second level, the novel deals extensively with the notion of socio-historical determinism: how easily slaves are made (177). It explores how the slavery chronotope inevitably engenders slaves and slave owners. In other words, the issue at stake on this level is not determinism resulting from logic al paradoxes, but rather the extent in which human behavior is controlled by spatiality and temporality (chronotope). This issue is dramatized through the process in which the slavery chronotope inexorably destabilizes the identities of Dana and Kevin, as they are shaped by the modern chronotope as liberal thinkers, modern writers, and open-minded, affectionate lovers – and reshapes them respectively as a slave and a slave owner who becomes an abolitionist. In this context, it is most telling that Danas black skin color is only mentioned on her second journey to the past, three chapters into the novel, when Rufus states that his mother called her just some nigger (24). It is almost as if she was a white woman in the fictional world structured around the modern chronotope, and it is the slavery chronotope that has suddenly blackened her. At this stage she is still secure enough in her modern identity to return a rebuke: Im a black woman, Rufe. If you have to call me something other than my name, thats it.' (25). However, her attitude towards Rufus derogatory language changes in her next journey, when Kevin wishes to chastise him for exclaiming that Niggers cant marry white people!' (60), but she lays a hand on Kevins arm just in time to stop him from saying whatever he would have said. (60-1). In the same journey Dana attempts to assert their otherness we werent really in. We were observers watching a show†¦ poor actors. We never really got into our roles. (98) – but her words carry a degree of self deception, since shortly beforehand she felt vaguely ashamed when Tom Weylin caught her leaving Kevins bedroom I felt almost as though I really was doing something shameful, happily playing whore for my supposed owner. (97) – thereby betraying that the slavery chronotope has already begun to reshape her identity. Even her attempt to teach Nigel to read and write is a typical act of a rebellious slave, not of a modern woman. Kevins identi ty is similarly reshaped, as we may see in his declaration that nineteenth century America could be a great time to live in,' (97). His abolitionist activities mentioned later on in the narrative are once again characteristic of a nineteenth century enlightened white man, not of a young liberal in 1976 California. Thus, by the end of this journey Dana is ready to admit that now and then†¦ I cant maintain the distance. Im drawn all the way into eighteen nineteen (101). Danas next journey to the past marks a further step in the slavery chronotopes reshaping of her identity. She now regards the plantation as her home – I was startled to catch myself saying wearily, Home at last.' (127) – thereby severely calling into question the status of her house in twentieth century California. Moreover, while dining with Rufus she states I put down my biscuit and reined in whatever part of my mind Id left in 1976. (134) thus indicating that the change imposed on her by the sla very chronotope is accelerated by her own self fashioning as a slave, in an attempt to ease her suffering in the harsh reality encompassing her. This destabilization of Danas identity is articulated in Tom Weylins interrogation of her: Who are you? he demanded. What are you?†¦ I dont know what you want me to say, I told him. Im Dana. You know me. Dont tell me what I know!' (130); indeed, by the time Dana returns from her fourth journey to the past, it is no longer clear who she is. This is true for Kevin to an even larger extent: his identity has been reshaped so profoundly by the slavery chronotope in the five years that he spent in the past, that he feels like a stranger in his own home and century. The dialectical shaping and reshaping of characters by the novels two chronotopes is epitomized in the juxtaposition of the sexual intercourse between Dana and Kevin in the fictional world of 1976 California, and Rufus attempted rape of Dana in the fictional world of mid nineteent h century Maryland. After they return to the twentieth century, Dana insists that Kevin make love to her, despite his misgivings: Go to bed, said Kevin†¦ Come to bed with me.†¦ Come with me, I repeated softly. Dana, youre hurt. Your back†¦ Please come with me. He did. (189-90). This act portrays Dana as a willful young woman with a sexual appetite, who feels secure in her own body and self confident enough to demand that her husband pleasure her. Yet shortly afterward, Dana returns to the past and is nearly raped by Rufus, in the scene which marks the culmination of the novel. The first moments of this scene portray a completely different Dana: apathetic, submissive, and ready to surrender her body to the exploitation of a man who treats her as his slave. She initially displays meekness equal to the insistence with which she implored Kevin to come to bed with her: I realized how easy it would be for me to continue to be still and forgive him even this. So easy, in spi te of all my talk (259). Thus, Danas antithetical behavior in these two scenes reflects the extent in which fictional characters are shaped by the chronotopes of the worlds they inhabit. Another example of this is Danas agreement to write letters for Rufus, which stands in contrast to her obdurate refusal to type for Kevin. Yet despite textual evidence that the slavery chronotope almost fully erodes Danas modern identity and reshapes her as a slave in the fictional world of the past, in the final moments of the attempted rape scene the last vestige of her modern identity drives her to rebel against Rufus: No. (260). Ironically, she saves herself by killing him, which is once again an act of a rebellious slave, not of a free modern woman. In the novels dà ©nouement Dana returns to the modern world, this time permanently, but in the process her left arm becomes a part of the wall (261). I suggest that her arm is caught in the gap between chronotopes, in that same space through which Rufus saw her coming to rescue him from the elements of fire and water, and which solidifies into a plaster wall after Dana kills him. One may also construe the mutilation as the price Dana must pay for undergoing such extensive reshaping as an obedient slave: she is mutilated in the same way that nineteenth century slaves were maimed as punishment for transgressions against their owners. Thus, the loss of modern identity entails the loss of an arm. To conclude, I have attempted a close analysis of the chronotopic shaping and reshaping of fictional characters in H.G. Wells The Time Machine and Octavia Butlers Kindred. By tracing the profound influence that travel between worlds with different chronotopes has on the protagonists of the two literary works, I have tried to show the intrinsic connection between a literary texts chronotope and its characterization. BibliographyBakhtin, Mikhail Mikhailovich. Forms of Time and Chronotope in the Novel. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981Butler, Octavia E. Kindred. Boston: Beacon Press, 2003.Wells, H. G. The Time Machine. London: Ernest Benn, 1927.

10 Facts About the Spanish Language

My Knowledge And View Of Reading And Writing - 863 Words

This course has expanded my knowledge and view of reading and writing vastly. Following each paper, reading, and class discussion I learned more about myself as a student, and the world as a whole. I have found the books Rules for Writers and Ways of Reading thoroughly helpful throughout the course. This class entails a variety of aspects of the problem-posing concept of education; it truly involves the students and teaches them to think, read, and write individualistically, analytically, and clearly. Our class has been extremely beneficial to my education, and I credit that completely to the structure of the class, one in which Freire would consider a step in the right direction: the direction of a problem-posing education. This course greatly exceeded any expectations I could have had. In the past, and recently, I have experienced a number of classes that use the banking concept of education. I find it extremely difficult to learn in an environment where I am solely a receptacle of the information thrown at me. In â€Å"The ‘Banking’ Concept of Education,† Freire describes this depository concept as one where â€Å"knowledge is a gift bestowed by those who consider themselves knowledgeable upon those whom they consider to know nothing† (217). I strongly believe this class did not represent that. There is always some form of discussion, and each side appears to be learning something new. The professor does indeed know more than the students, but my opin ion and analyzation is alwaysShow MoreRelatedLiteracy, The Ability Of Reading And Writing1503 Words   |  7 PagesLiteracy Literacy, the ability of reading and writing plays a very crucial role in an individual’s life and society. A literate individual can make the positive changes in society with his ability. I believe literacy is not only being able to read and write but to make the positive impacts by his understandings. It enables us on how we perceive what is and understand things around us. My experience of reading and writing over the years has developed and enhanced my perception and thinking ability whetherRead MoreHow Literacy Is An Aspect Of Knowledge904 Words   |  4 Pages I believe that literacy is an aspect of knowledge. The more one gains knowledge the more literate they become. Learning entails absorbing knowledge through writing and listening among other activities. In relation to this, writing has been identified as a most efficient and critical tool in learning. It is an important aspect of cognition. The paper will discuss aspects relating to my literacy narrative about wr iting. I have undergone various levels of education and learning. At each level,Read MoreTeaching Philosopy: How to Mark a Book by Mortimer Adler853 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship between reading and writing. One skill reinforces the other. Competent readers make competent writers. The challenge is universal: How do we transition students from high school to college English? I would like to say I have the answer, but the answer changes with each class and every semester. There isn’t one set model, and I understand that my model will constantly evolve and reflect my student’s needs. I create my own reader for students, and as I was creating my reader for an EnglishRead MoreAcademic Essay Structures and Formats1340 Words   |  6 Pagesdespite my previous knowledge of writing, as I started college, English class or College Writing had a whole different concept about writing your own essays. I started reading and analyzing essays that did not had a specific conclusion or argument or that had several points of view stated the author which were set forth by giving a series of anecdotes. For the first time professors were teaching me to ponder more than the mere writings of another person. I finally comprehend that writing and readingRead MoreEssay on Literacy Narrative1404 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout my childhood, the idea of having a college education was greatly stressed. As a result, it was my duty as the next generational child, to excel in my studies and achieve a life of prosperity and success. Learning became the basic foundation of my growth. Theref ore, my youth was overtaken by many hours spent reading and writing what was known to be correct Standard English. I first found this to be a great shortcoming, but as I grew older, I began to realize the many rewards acquiredRead MoreEssay about Literacy Narrative1397 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout my childhood, the idea of having a college education was greatly stressed. As a result, it was my duty as the next generational child, to excel in my studies and achieve a life of prosperity and success. Learning became the basic foundation of my growth. Therefore, my youth was overtaken by many hours spent reading and writing what was known to be correct Standard English. I first found this to be a great shortcoming, but as I grew older, I began to realize the many rewards acquiredRead MoreSimilarities Between Reading And Reading1628 Words   |  7 PagesThough it’s true we grew up in communities that had different views on education towards reading and writing, there were still a connection through it all. As we discussed our personal narratives, we discovered we all had an interest in stories and storytelling. There were many similarities and differences among our ideas. Once such similarity was that we all used reading and writing to expand our own capabili ties. We also realized that reading has an impact on how we tell our stories. We are able toRead MoreBefore Coming Into The Seminar Program, I Had No Idea What1512 Words   |  7 Pagesshape the way I think about the readings and real world scenarios. There was a big distinction when reading some of these books after reading them in high school: the discussions were well thought out and more in depth. I have found that over the course of the semester, I have grown in several ways. The readings had different impacts on the way I was critically analyzing, and how I was able to talk about them. On a holistic level, I think I have learned to approach readings and critically analyze themRead MoreLiterature Review - Reading1659 Words   |  7 Pageschapter various related literature and research pertaining to this research will be presented. It addresses the views and effect of using extensive reading method to improve comprehension and motivates reading. 2. Related Literature Up until now there is still no definite definition for ‘reading’ as Criscuolo (1973) says â€Å"There is no exact definition for reading’. Another view, Alderson and Urguhart (1984) in Fauziah Hassan HBET3203 (2004:3), â€Å"If the ability (to read) involves so many aspectsRead MoreHow Does The Reading Affects Us On The Individual Level Essay906 Words   |  4 PagesComing into UCWR 110, I never had a class that focused strictly on writing and techniques for writing different papers. Throughout the semester, the growth in developing main ideas, thesis, and analytical analysis has improved. From this class, the growth in writing has not only improved not only writing skills, but the reading involved in the class has presented itself in different mediums, as well as different genres and topics, all adding to a more holistic approach to rhetoric. So from here,

Definition Of Marketing And Marketing Strategy Essay

Definition of marketing? It s is a process in which wants changes into needs. The activities of an organization connected with purchasing and offering an items or administration. The marketing process is having direct connection with communication and requirements and the actual goal of marketing is to expand the sales of the company’s product as well as the Company’s profit. In the terms of marketing, there are some of key points which are connected with the marketing such as target market, market segmentation and consumer behaviour. 1 Product 2 Place 3 Price 4 Promotion Product – This includes the customer satisfaction and all its needs and demands. Moreover it also fulfil the demands of customers by competing the previous product and providing the customers as a updated one. Price – The price of the product maters for everyone whether the company or the customers. It puts a great impact on marketing strategy. Place – it plays a vital role in the organization as the location really matter for the customers and should be a near and easy to asses to the particular place. Promotion – It always reflects a positive status of the company in the market as the sale is depend upon promotion and by this the company can cover it all expenses. Diagram – Definition of marketing research Market research is about to talking with people, listening to them , doing survey, business meetings, analyzing the information to help organization make better decisions and reduce the risk.Show MoreRelatedThe Meaning of Marketing Strategy1470 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The meaning of marketing strategy The contemporaneous business society is extremely dynamic and forces the economic agent to develop and implement a wide array of tactics in order to overcome the challenges raised by various categories of stakeholders. For instance, the organizational staff members are becoming more demanding and also more valuable, generating an internal need to better manage and retain talent, as well as an external competition among employers. Then, the forces of globalizationRead MoreMarketing Strategy Concepts, Methodology, And Theory1350 Words   |  6 Pagesrelated literatures about marketing strategy concepts, methodology, and theory, are reviewed. These concepts, theory and methodology are the foundations of research design of this work. 2.1 Marketing strategy The material world is objective while the people’s psychologies are very subjective. The same concepts from different people may mean different implications. The concepts of strategy tend to be used in many scenarios and embody different meanings. The marketing strategy also has its specificRead MoreThe Impact Of Political Media On The Political Process Of The United States Essay887 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy. 1.1 Political marketing: Definition, History and Scholarship. Political marketing has established itself as a substantial segment of the political process and as a field of academia. Marketing theory has been influenced by different disciplines it has also contributed, to the development of other academic areas within management studies (Day, 1992 ; Hunt and Lambe, 2000 ).Political marketing has been conceived as a sub-discipline of mainstream marketing, thus its definitions have echoed evolutionsRead MoreRelationship Marketing in Consumer Markets- an Article Review863 Words   |  4 PagesARTICLE REVIEW â€Å"Relationship marketing in consumer markets Rhetoric or reality?† By: OMalley, Lisa; Tynan, Caroline. European Journal of Marketing, 2000, Vol. 34 Issue 7, p797, 19p; (AN 3497728) Synopsis This report is based on the notions of relationship marketing relative to consumer markets This journal article (â€Å"Relationship Marketing in Consumer Markets: Rhetorical or Reality†)- focuses on the different aspects of relationship marketing and its effects on the business to consumerRead MoreDefining Marketing Paper1010 Words   |  5 PagesDEFINING MARKETING PAPER Defining Marketing Paper Bonnie Garcia University of Phoenix Marketing is an important part of the business organization; it is more than just promoting and selling a product. Marketing is gratifying the changing needs of the customer. This can be best summed up by the very successful businessman Bill Gates when he quoted, Your most unhappy customers are your greatest source of learning . The purpose of this paper is to define marketing fromRead MoreAnalyzing the Differences in Marketing Definitions1589 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing The Differences In Marketing Definitions Introduction Marketing has historically been defined by the four foundational elements of place or distribution, promotion, pricing and product. These four aspects of marketing have served the definition of this strategic area of business well over the last several decades marketing has existed as a discipline in business. Yet over time the 4Ps of marketing have given way to a more dynamic approach to creating and sustaining relationships withRead MoreMarketing Definition1002 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing definition Every company depends on an efficient marketing program to fulfill customers needs. Marketing is a process of finding out what the customer wants and meeting those requirements. Within the company, the marketing group has to consider customer values and customer satisfaction before considering offering a product. Marketing is part of our everyday world, and can be perceived everywhere and every time. At any time, everyone has been exposed to different kinds of marketing orRead MoreMarketing in Business660 Words   |  3 Pagesimportance of Marketing in Business February 19, 2013 In the following paragraphs the definitions of marketing will be developed in accordance to different sources. The importance of a strong marketing department to drive successful business will be discussed relaying in real life examples from MGM International strategies. Read MoreCompare Alternative Definition of Marketing913 Words   |  4 Pages1a. Marketing term appeared firstly in United State in the early 20th century and then spread to Europe and Asia. In the meantime, there are many definitions of Marketing given by leading organisations and experts in the fields of economy such as: Kotler, CIM, AMA†¦ - Definition of Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM): â€Å"Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying , anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably†. - Definition of Philip Kotler: Read MoreDefining Marketing - Importance of Marketing in Organizational Success1005 Words   |  5 PagesDefining Marketing Michelle Watson Marketing 421 April 16, 2012 Kim Wm. Houseman Definition of Marketing Marketing is often misunderstood. Ask the average person how they would define marketing and a majority would reply with something along the lines of commercials, ads, brochures, and other items used to market a business. Marketing is complex. It is a process, a practice, and a philosophy. As a process, it moves goods and services from an idea all the way through

The Western World - 914 Words

Throughout history, Africa has been a vulnerable player in the eyes of the rest of the world. From the slave trade to various civil right injustices that have taken place over in every century, we have studied in this class, we have been able to see the lasting impact on the continent as a ramification of certain events occurring. Using sources from the text, I will attempt to prove how the western world, exercised their power to capitalize on the African continent, in addition to the exploitation of the African people and land. We begin with the early origins of Africa, and the civilizations in place before, the Western world had an influence on them. Africa like the other continents had its array of civilizations set up in the different nation states, their own power systems, economy, and way of living, ways that differed, but resembled other civilizations as well. In validating this claim, I will be looking and analyzing the source, Ibn, Battuta, Visit from Mombasa and Kila, Rhila (c. 1358). The source is an account by Ibn Battuta, who was a scholar from Morocco, who is known for his travels to different lands, over a 30-year period of time. In this source, he visits the Swahili coast of Mombasa and ends his trip in Kilwa, a city in modern-day Tanzania. It is here we see the initial state of some of the nation-states in Africa, Battuta described the two cities â€Å"the city of Kulwa is amongst the most beautiful of cities, and most elegantly built† (57). The descriptionShow MoreRelatedHow has th e Western World been a Blessing to the Non-Western World?834 Words   |  4 PagesWestern world has its History beginning from the time of the Old Roman Empire. They created the basis for the upcoming world, called nowadays Western. The influence that the Roman Empire gave to the Non-Western world was continued to be by the Western world. The immense and productive cultural heritage from the old Romans has been observed and learned by the Non-Western world under Romes direct influence or by their own will. Prolonging the old traditions the Western world has been always devotingRead MoreThe Secularization of the Western World Essay1680 Words   |  7 Pagesthe saeculum arose in reference to a binary opposition within Christianity. Priests who withdrew from the world (saeculum) formed the religious clergy, while those living in the world formed the secular clergy (Casanova, 1994). The notion of the ‘secular’ has taken on a range of different meanings over the past eight een centuries. In today society, the world secular is used to describe a world thought to be in motion, the moving away from religious influence in everyday life. Thus, my definitionRead MoreThe Rise of The Western World Essay773 Words   |  4 PagesThe Rise of The Western World During the sixteenth century, the world powers weren’t the same as today. At the time, no country was greater than China. China’s advanced technology, fertile and irrigated plains, great canal system, and well run administration, were some of its numerous advantages over the rival countries. Although China was unquestionably superior when compared to all other world powers, some civilizations were not far behind. The Muslim world was quickly expanding during theRead MoreThe Playboy Of The Western World1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe Playboy of the Western World I had the pleasure of seeing the play The Playboy of the Western World by John Millington in the Alley Theatre on October the 9th. The play conveys the theme of social conventions in a village in Ireland around the 1900s. The characters of the play are Christy Mohan, Michael Flaherty, Margaret Flaherty also called Pegeen, Shawn Keogh, Window Quin, Sara Tansey, Susan Brady, Honor Blake, Old Mahon, Philly Cullen and Jimmy Farrell. Most of the play takes place in aRead More Linear Time Structure of the Western World1448 Words   |  6 PagesThanks to the linear time structure of the western world, time is no longer infinite. People of our culture constantly have to stress over rushing to arrive at an appointment on time, turning in an assignment by a particular day, or having a prepared meal on the table at 5 o’clock on the dot. As days are filled with schedules dictated by time, the time itself just seems to slip away. This passing of linear time creates the worry that life is too short and this generates the concern about death,Read MoreThe Playboy Of The Western World1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe Playboy of the Western World by John Millington is a play that conveys the theme of social conv entions in a village in Ireland around the 1900s. I had the pleasure of seeing the play The Playboy of the Western World in the Alley Theatre on October the 9th. The theme of The Playboy of the Western World was social conventions, all of the character had a certain criteria on who was accepted by their community. The play sends a message of the things people will do to be accepted in their societyRead MoreSymbolism in The Playboy of the Western World Essay715 Words   |  3 PagesSymbolism in The Playboy of the Western World Symbols are a powerful way of conveying information and feelings by substituting something concrete to represent an idea e.g. the heart (love), the dove (peace). Such representation is called symbolism. In writing The Playboy of the Western World, Synge serves us an Irish delicacy, in which lies the subtle yet memorable flavour of symbolism, in the midst of rollicking comedy and luscious language. The play opens withRead More Synge’s Playboy of the Western World Essay666 Words   |  3 PagesSynge’s Playboy of the Western World In the play The Playboy of the Western World Synge shows different levels of comedy through visual presentation, language and irony. The language in the play and its figures of speech and slang makes the readers get a feel of Irish culture as it is rich and typical of the Irish. In the first couple of pages of the play we see the characters say such things as â€Å"God bless you,† and we may initially be fooled into thinking that Mayo villagers are veryRead MoreEssay on Greek Accomplishment and Foundation of the Western World1941 Words   |  8 PagesGreek Accomplishment and Foundation of the Western World Most people today think that our ancestors made up our current cultures and traditions by themselves. However, most of western society is based upon Greek culture and ideas that were passed to the Romans and then passed on to Europe, and then Americas. We still share characteristics with the ancient world. The most important aspect that made Greek ideas so appealing was the idea that humans were able to reason: the highest value that aRead MoreThe Playboy Of The Western World Critique1417 Words   |  6 PagesThe Playboy of the Western World Critique I was overall extremely impressed with the University of Houston’s production of The Playboy of The Western World. The play and the intention of comedy were both carried out very well by the actors. I felt that I was engaged in the play, seeming like I was actually a part of the performance. The theatre department’s attempt on this play was very worthwhile, providing both a good laugh and a superb form of entertainment. The predominant theme of this play

Analysis of Marketing Strategy and Plan

Question: Explain about the marketing strategy and plan. Answer: The market analysis shall consist of the following constituents: Customers- The assignment relates to the Vietnamese population taking the library services in Victoria, Australia. These services would be provided for the customers availing the services of the Vietnamese immigrants comprising of different religions. As such, books and various other resources relating to the English language as well as the citizenship test practice shall be utilized to attract potential customers towards the brand. The customers shall consist of customers from different age groups and demographics. In addition, they shall have a variety of needs and wants to address consumer issues and react accordingly. Free English classes shall enable the library to attract the attention of the substantial Vietnamese population in Vietnam. In addition, to create a positive perception on the Vietnamese population it shall be necessary to develop pertinent marketing policies to assist the business organization in its growth. As such, it can be said these policies have to be based o n the Vietnamese culture and traditions to create greater consumer awareness. Product - The product and service offerings shall include meeting the needs of the business organization. The product shall also include provide all the educational requirements of its consumers. In this regard, the product offerings would include the online resources that would assist the individuals to Australian culture and religion. As such, books comprising of different topics relating to sport, literature, culture and religions pertaining to the local culture shall be applicable for the process. Besides this, textbooks composed of Vietnamese culture and religion would be offered to the students. This would assist the business organization to cater to different sections of the society and have a larger consumer base. The product has to attract the Vietnamese population to ensure larger inflow of sales revenue. In these regard, it can be said that the choices and trends of the consumers have to be considered in a detailed manner to sell products that shall have relevance to the V ietnamese immigrants present in the Brimbank area in Victoria. Industry Benchmark The industry benchmark of library resources shall include the necessary resources of a business enterprise. The sales revenue of a business organization would be compared with the domestic and the international market. In this regard, it can be said that the customer service policies shall also be evaluated with the necessary resources of a business enterprise. According to Hardwick et al. (2014), the industry benchmark shall reflect the necessary constituents that would assist the business enterprise to engage with the necessary standards of a business enterprise. Therefore, to reach a wide section of the consumers it would be necessary to adhere to the standards of the industry and have greater inflow of sales revenue. The industry benchmark shall also relate to the positive consumer perception and the level of consumer service offered to the employees in an organization. Thus, the library ha to meet the expectations of the Vietnamese population to have a positi ve impact on the business performance of an organization . Suppliers - The suppliers would include people who specialize in Vietnamese culture to supply relevant books and documents to aid the organization in its growth. Therefore, the distribution channel has to be organized to enable suppliers in their job. Effective human resources policies shall be formed to develop good relations with the suppliers. Thus, competitive strategies should be taken to retain the existing suppliers and explore newer markets in the Victoria. According to Agudo et al. (2012), the suppliers have an essential part to play to meet consumer demand and expectations and ensure organizational sustainability. Competition - The business competition would be intensive in the market. Thus, it would assist the management of the business organization to frame effective marketing and operational policies to ensure market survival. Acceding to Baker and Parkinson (2016), the competitors would include various educational institutes and other libraries to facilitate market competition. Developing an edge over the consumers would assist the business enterprise to achieve greater sales in the market. Many educational institutional institutions offer these courses to the participants. It shall be essential to understand the needs of the Vietnameese population and the area of expertise they would require training . Target Market The target market segment shall be the Vietnamese culture and population in Victoria and the rest of the country. In this regard, it can be said that the target market segment will enable a business enterprise to meet consumer needs and expectations. The library shall relate to the market segment and offer services accordingly. In this regard, it can be said that the market segment of consumers shall be formed as per the operational an d the marketing policies of a business organization. The target market segment shall consist of people from all age and demographics from the Vietnamese culture and populations. As such, the target market segment shall be school as well as college students of Victoria. According to, Turnbull and Paliwoda (2013), it is essential that the target market segment is identified for achieving a constant rate of sales revenue for the business organization. The target market segment shall be composed of Vietnamese immigrants who are an essential part of the cus tomer base in Victoria. In addition, educational institutions would be a valuable source of revenue for the library. Marketing Objectives The following are the marketing objectives of a business organization Raising consumer awareness - The levels of consumer awareness should increase, leading to greater visibility for the brand. This shall ensure that consumers are aware of the brand and its services. Baudet and van der Meulen (2014), this shall reduce the need for sales promotional and the marketing policies of a business enterprise. In the context of the library it is essential that the marketing policies are structured accordingly to assist the business enterprise in its growth. The services offered to the Vietnamese population shall create a positive influence on the consumer awareness levels and then would lead to business sustainability . Consumer services - The consumer services shall be enhanced leading to positively influencing the consumer services of a brand. Appropriate services at the right time would enable a business organization to facilitate consumer learning. In the case of the Vietnamese immigrants, the library shall have to offer effective consumer services relating to English communication skills and citizenship test practice seminars to the Vietnamese Establishing partnership with local colleges and universities shall assist a library to build greater financial and operational policies of a business enterprise. In this regard, it can be said that the partnerships shall facilitate a business organization to achieve e greater heights in the field of business. Dasgupta et al (2015) mentioned that Extensive business partnerships with reputed business houses should enable a business enterprise to gather resources for ensuring smoother business operations. Developing partnerships with local colleges and universities shall enable the library to attract Vietnamese students to the library. Creating a distinct brand identity shall enable a business organization to frame accurate marketing and operational policies of a business organization. However since it is a relatively unknown brand, the brand has to adopt extensive marketing as well as operational strategies of a business. In the context of the library, it can be said that the brand identity of a library shall attract the young students individuals interested in the Vietnamese culture. This would assist a business enterprise to make strategies to attract educational institutes and institutes of higher learning Expansive marketing strategies - Achieving expansive sales revenue shall enable a business enterprise to facilitate the growth and expansion of a business enterprise. In this regard, it can be said that factors like costs, nature of the product and service line, scale of operations and the size of the workforce are factors that can be considered in establishing expansive marketing policies for a business enterprise to achieve greater sales in the market. The library has to make pertinent strategies to attract a wider customer base after considering the attributes like the characteristics of the market as well as the demands of the Vietnamese Marketing Strategies The marketing strategy of a business enterprise can be explained through the 4 ps of marketing Product- Product refers to the nature and the quality of the service offering. Here, the capabilities of a product to match the needs as well as the expectations of the consumers are also considered. The library shall offer essential books and services pertaining to Vietnamese culture and traditions as per the demand of consumers in the society. Place- The library shall be located in place where it is easily accessible to the common public. In this regard, it can be said that the commercial viability of the institution shall be facilitated if it is located in a popular destination, which is frequently visited by college and school students. (Solomon et al. 2013). Therefore, the students shall acquire and gather knowledge with minimum amount of time and resources. Price The price of a product or a service have a large influence on consumer perception. The marketing plan shall reflect the consumer service provided like - Promotion - Adequate sales promotional policies should be conducted to raise consumer awareness about the new services provided by the library. Efforts should be made to develop informal relationships with the local Vietnamese population. According to Newton, P. and Meyer (2013), This would enable the entity gather sufficient income that would complement its business initiatives. The new services offered by the library would assist the Vietnamese section of the society to improve their English speaking and writing skills. Implementation strategies The following implementation strategies can be taken to create an effective marketing plan Reasonable cost - The books shall be lend at a reasonable cost to the buyer. This would ensure a steady flow of consumers, thereby, leading to greater sales revenue for the brand. In addition, this would assist prospective customers towards the brand. Organizing sales promotional events - To organize sales promotional events would facilitate a business enterprise to develop interpersonal relationships with consumers. In addition, this shall create more visibility for the brand and shall assist the business organization to sustain brand loyalty. Identifying consumer trends and preferences - It remains essential to recognize consumer trends and preferences of the Vietnamese population and react accordingly. Special emphasis should be laid on Vietnamese culture and traditions in Victoria. Framing marketing strategies as per the marketing policies shall assist the entity to gain a bigger market share. Emergence of substitute training service providers in the Victoria shall pose a serious threat to the business prosperity of the library. As such essential marketing and operational policies shall be required to overcome such threat and emerge successful in the market. Budget Costs Budget Costs - The Budget costs shall be reasonable as per the goals and objectives of a business organization. The business organization should be set at $41,183.85 annually. It is expected that such cost shall address the issues in the daily business functionalities. The project staffing cost will incur the largest expenses, and would occupy 79.64% of the total project budget (Mihart 2012). The business activities ranging from purchase of goods, lending of buildings as well as the transportation costs shall be covered by the budget costs in the business organization. In addition, the variable expenses for the organization shall be covered by the business organization. Evaluation Plan The evaluation plan of the library shall be assessed as per the goals and the objectives pre-determine d at the outset. Thus, the sales revenue and customer satisfaction levels of the organization shall be evaluated based on meeting customer targets and organizational expectation levels. The project is expected a rise in profits within the next six months. References Agudo, J.C., Crespo, A.H. and Bosque, I.R., 2012. Adherence to customer loyalty programs and changes in buyer behaviour. The Service Industries Journal, 32(8), pp.1323-134. Baker, M.J. and Parkinson, S.T., 2016. Organizational buying behaviour: purchasing and marketing management implications. Springer. Baudet, H. and van der Meulen, H., 2014. Consumer Behaviour and Economic Growth in the Modern Economy (RLE Consumer Behaviour) (Vol. 1). Routledge. Dasgupta, P., Southerton, D., Ulph, A. and Ulph, D., 2015. Consumer Behaviour with Environmental and Social Externalities: Implications for Analysis and Policy. Environmental and Resource Economics, pp.1-36. East, R., Wright, M. and Vanhuele, M., 2013. Consumer behaviour: applications in marketing. Sage. Hardwick, J., Delarue, L., Ardley, B. and Taylor, N., 2014. Mobile phones purchases and consumer decision making process: the role of Facebook online advertising. Computer-Mediated Marketing Strategies: Social Media and Online Brand Communities: Social Media and Online Brand Communities, p.303. Mihart, C., 2012. Impact of integrated marketing communication on consumer behaviour: Effects on consumer decision-making process.International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(2), p.121. Newton, P. and Meyer, D., 2013. Exploring the attitudes-action gap in household resource consumption: Does environmental lifestyle segmentation align with consumer behaviour?. Sustainability, 5(3), pp.1211-1233. Saleh, M.A., Ali, M.Y. and Julian, C.C., 2014. International buyer behaviourcommitment relationship: An investigation of the empirical link in importing.International Business Review, 23(2), pp.329-342. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A. and Carlson, J., 2013. Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Solomon, M.R., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., 2013. Consumer behaviour: Buying, having, being. Pearson Australia. Spurling, N., McMeekin, A., Shove, E., Southerton, D. and Welch, D., 2013. Interventions in practice: re-framing policy approaches to consumer behaviour. Manchester: Sustainable Practices Research Group. Turnbull, P.W. and Paliwoda, S.J., 2013. Research in international marketing(Vol. 39). Routledge.

Funeral Cosmetic Surgery free essay sample

Beauty is your funeral Cosmetic surgery is defined as, â€Å"surgery performed to improve the appearance, rather than for medical reasons† (Collins English Dictionary). Cosmetic surgery is a dangerous procedure because some people acquire lifelong scars not only that, death could be in the equation. On the other hand, many women get cosmetic surgery due to physical deformation or certain birth defects in efforts to cover up their embarrassing scars. Even though some cosmetic surgery can be beneficial, the fact that death could be involved, is it worth it? Cosmetic surgery should be illegal because the number of death and deformation in the person’s character are too great to risk any possible enhancements. We should not be allowed to get plastic surgery, implants, and liposuction because these things cause a person to become sick and then eventually die. Therefore we should warn the person about the harm of cosmetic surgery is. We will write a custom essay sample on Funeral Cosmetic Surgery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Dr.Darshan Shah, a Mayo Clinic-trained board certified surgeon, â€Å"Cosmetic Surgery itself actually carries very minimal risk if you put yourself in the hands of a qualified, certified cosmetic surgery specialist – someone who has trained and devoted [his or his] career to the misrepresentation and inexperience of certain surgeons†. (California Health and Beauty) This article is saying that people are dying because there not looking up facts and information about the surgeon, but how much is of this idea is true? I believe no matter who performs the surgery; it’s always dangerous and has many life threatening consequences. Whether or not the surgeon is ‘’good’’ or ‘’bad’’ the procedures should not be done and are unethical. First of all, cosmetic surgery costs a great deal of money. Breast augmentations are 3,797$, Tummy Tucks are,332$, Butt Lifts are $7,904, Collagen Injections are $673 and Eyelid surgery is $2,912, To me no amount of money is worth risking your life for. Not only that, I believe that people are beautiful the way they are, and that they don’t need surgery to boost their self esteem. Individuals seek to conform to the social norm, and it’s apparent that they will go to any cost to make that happen. When comes to unethical issues such as transgender cosmetic surgery, no it should not be allowed. In Fact, when they get these procedures they can die from anesthesia. In conclusion, when come to cosmetic surgery its dangerous overall even though you’re getting medical reasons or even though you get Butt Lift or Tummy Tuck or Collagen injection , Overall cosmetic surgery is a dangerous ,harmful procedure that should be banned.

Why Should Euthanasia Be Legalized Essays - Euthanasia,

Why Should Euthanasia Be Legalized? It is apparent that euthanasia should be permitted everywhere for the following reasons: individual liberty; one's undesired pain, suffering, and misery; and the individual's frustration from having a valueless life. First of all, one should be able to understand the term euthanasia. ?In ancient Greece, eu thanatos meant ?easy death.' Today's euthanasia generally refers to mercy killing, the voluntary ending of the life of someone who is terminally or hopelessly ill? (Euthanasia 1). Knowing that, it is seemingly appropriate to say that one has the right to die an easy death if, and only if, he is terminally ill. Otherwise, different situations should not play any part in this issue. To understand more about the pro-euthanasia side of this issue, it is best conceived through the viewpoints, strong beliefs, and perspectives of proponents of euthanasia. An individual has liberty, which includes the right of owning his life. He is the possessor of his life. Just as he can do whatever he wishes with his possessions, such as selling his new house, he can also wish to discontinue his life if the reasons were rational. In a typical situation, a person has some terrible, deadly disease. He is trapped in a hospital bed, with all sorts of medical equipment connected to him, unable to move or do much of anything except exist. He is in terrible pain; he begs to have these machines disconnected so he can go home and live out whatever life he has left and die in peace. He does not want to endure the pain, but instead, to assuage it. However, the doctors refuse because to turn off the machines would surely result in his death, and they have a presumed bias against doing this. If a person decides that he wants to die, and someone does not think that this is a good decision, what right does the opposing person have to tell him that he cannot do th is? ?It is clear that a patient's decision to ask for a cessation in treatment, reflecting his own preference for death rather than for a continuation of discomfort or suffering, must be respected, barring exceptional circumstances? (Behnke 17). Therefore, that individual's decision should be carried out because he has that right to his own personal decision, which is only one of many reasons why euthanasia should be legalized. In addition, one should have the right to end his life by euthanasia because of the unsolicited pain, suffering, and misery he feels due to the disease he has or the condition he is in. People in this position would most likely want to alleviate their pain, suffering, and depression?just to name a few?partially because of the inconveniences, emotional and physical burdens, and drawbacks imposed on family members, relatives, and friends. Furthermore, family members ?may be sensitive to the costs accumulating during terminal care? (Hagen 91). Consequently, patients may feel guilty in this entire ordeal. Even more, people who, maybe because of a serious illness, are extremely depressed partly because they want to live their lives to the fullest by perhaps participating in energetic and active events but know that that is not possible now that they are severely ill and sick. Since they recognize that enjoying life in those ways is no longer possible, they may want an easy way out?euthana sia. Others simply do not want to sustain suffering. Everybody has different amounts of pain and suffering that he/she can tolerate (Behnke 17). In considering suffering of terminal patients, one cannot exclude from thought the grief due to distress, fear, and agony. Nor must anyone underestimate the bearable level of pain in the periods between doses of medication or simply from being turned over in bed. There is still too little known about what is actually experienced by patients as they approach death so it is evident that the individual, and only the individual, has the right to choose when he wants to die. These factors, along with unwanted suffering, pain, and misery are only some of the components considered in allowing the act of euthanasia. The final element worthy of discussion in legalizing euthanasia is an individual's frustration in living, in his opinion, a valueless life after becoming

A Guide To Using The British Council IELTS Essay Samples

A Guide To Using The British Council IELTS Essay SamplesThe British Council ielts essay samples are offered as a free resource. The essay topics in the free content consist of British Council certification and examinations, qualification, job references, education, study courses, workforce management, teaching or learning, skills training, placement, recruitment or internships. The essay samples will definitely benefit you and show you how to improve your skills with in your spare time.The free content of the British Council ielts will help you improve your writing skills by practicing different techniques and topics. This could be a good way for you to practice how to write a novel, an academic paper, or just on your own time. You will discover new techniques that you can use in your daily work and leisure activities.The British Council ielts sample essay is easily accessible. As the topic is freely offered, you do not have to search for a certain essay topic. You can take help from the general knowledge provided. The examiners and students need many different ideas and skills to maintain their composure.The main subject of the ielts exam is usually a humanities major course. In this way, the tutor can provide assistance and find ways for the candidates to prepare for the exam. These subjects will also give the candidate the opportunity to study English for different reasons.The topics can help the candidate to learn how to write interesting topics. These topics may differ from subject to subject. It will take a lot of time to understand how to write interesting topics. However, after you have learned the basics, you can start writing meaningful topics that could make you stand out among others.The British Council ielts sample essays can teach you how to write for different institutions. It will help you make connections to real life experiences. The goal of writing the essays is to allow the candidate to discover how to write a strong thesis statement.The ess ay samples are meant to help you improve your writing skills. They are not suitable for every individual. However, you can read it as a recommendation for further study. Just make sure that the advice you are getting from the essays are the same for you.You can easily find the sample essays in your local bookstore or at the library. You can browse through the database to find the information you need. If you do not find the content of the essay, you can do further research on your own.

Probability of Randomly Choosing a Prime Number

Probability of Randomly Choosing a Prime Number Number theory is a branch of mathematics  that concerns itself with the set of integers. We restrict ourselves somewhat by doing this as we do not directly study other numbers, such as irrationals. However, other types of real numbers are used. In addition to this, the subject of probability has many connections and intersections with number theory. One of these connections has to do with the distribution of prime numbers. More specifically we may ask, what is the probability that a randomly chosen integer from 1 to x is a prime number? Assumptions and Definitions As with any mathematics problem, it is important to understand not only what assumptions are being made, but also the definitions of all of the key terms in the problem. For this problem we are considering the positive integers, meaning the whole numbers 1, 2, 3, . . . up to some number x. We are randomly choosing one of these numbers, meaning that all x of them are equally likely to be chosen. We are trying to determine the probability that a prime number is chosen. Thus we need to understand the definition of a prime number. A prime number is a positive integer that has exactly two factors. This means that the only divisors of prime numbers are one and the number itself. So 2,3 and 5 are primes, but 4, 8 and 12 are not prime. We note that because there must be two factors in a prime number, the number 1 is not prime. Solution  for Low Numbers The solution to this problem is straightforward for low numbers x. All that we need to do is simply count the numbers of primes that are less than or equal to x. We divide the number of primes less than or equal to x by the number x. For example, to find the probability that a prime is selected from 1 to 10 requires us to divide the number of primes from 1 to 10 by 10. The numbers 2, 3, 5, 7 are prime, so the probability that a prime is selected is 4/10 40%. The probability that a prime is selected from 1 to 50 can be found in a similar way. The primes that are less than 50 are: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43 and 47. There are 15 primes less than or equal to 50. Thus the probability that a prime is selected at random is 15/50 30%. This process can be carried out by simply counting primes as long as we have a list of primes. For example, there are 25 primes less than or equal to 100. (Thus the probability that a randomly chosen number from 1 to 100 is prime is 25/100 25%.) However, if we do not have a list of primes, it could be computationally daunting to determine the set of prime numbers that are less than or equal to a given number x. The Prime Number Theorem If you do not have a count of the number of primes that are less than or equal to x, then there is an alternate way to solve this problem. The solution involves a mathematical result known as the prime number theorem. This is a statement about the overall distribution of the primes and can be used to approximate the probability that we are trying to determine. The prime number theorem states that there are approximately x / ln(x) prime numbers that are less than or equal to x. Here ln(x) denotes the natural logarithm of x, or in other words the logarithm with a base of the number e. As the value of x increases the approximation improves, in the sense that we see a decrease in the relative error between the number of primes less than x and the expression x / ln(x). Application of the Prime Number Theorem We can use the result of the prime number theorem to solve the problem we are trying to address. We know by the prime number theorem that there are approximately x / ln(x) prime numbers that are less than or equal to x. Furthermore, there are a total of x positive integers less than or equal to x. Therefore the probability that a randomly selected number in this range is prime is (x / ln(x) ) /x 1 / ln(x). Example We can now use this result to approximate the probability of randomly selecting a prime number out of the first billion integers. We calculate the natural logarithm of a billion and see that ln(1,000,000,000) is approximately 20.7 and 1/ln(1,000,000,000) is approximately 0.0483. Thus we have about a 4.83% probability of randomly choosing a prime number out of the first billion integers.