Baseball s Favorite Pastimes Since The First League

Introduction Baseball has been one of America’s favorite pastimes since the first league was formed, all the way to the present day. The first section in this research paper will explain some of the games baseball was based on, the places they are from, how they are played, and the people who came up with the game. In the second section, some of the leagues will be listed, with some of the teams, who established the league, and when they were established. In the third section, famous players in baseball history will be listed as well as the teams they played for, the position they played the most and was the best at, and how they affected the world. In the fourth and final section, Famous baseball teams will be listed, with the founders of the team, the year they were founded, and one of the star players. The writer hopes that the reader will learn many interesting facts while reading this research paper. Games Baseball Was Based On Rounders is the main game that baseball was based on. It is a game from Ireland where the offence team tries to score runs by swinging a club (Either wood, plastic, metal, etc.) at a leather coated ball of cork (a baseball), while the defensive team tries to field the ball and get the runner out. The game of Rounders is much less safe than baseball as there are no mitts, pads, or even helmets. Rounders is still a very popular sport all over Europe. It was invented by the famous author John Newberry in the lateShow MoreRelatedBaseball : America s Pastime Of The Past1255 Words   |  6 PagesBaseball: America’s Pastime of the Past A pastime is a hobby that is performed in someone’s spare time. The term America’s pastime is something that the entire nation enjoys and participates in. Since its creation, baseball has taken the top spot as the nation’s favorite recreation. For generations it filled the homes of Americans whether it be via television, conversation, or participation. Families would travel together to their local baseball stadium and root for the home team. KidsRead MoreBaseball Is America s National Pastime976 Words   |  4 Pagespeople tune in to watch their favorite sports being played. Over the years baseball has traditionally been known as the national pastime among all sports, but the rich tradition and history behind baseball is still around and noticed, with that being said, baseball is still referred to as America’s national pastime. This can be attributed to many factors including a superior television product, more controlled violence, and legaliz ed gambling with fantasy football and baseball. Each and every week millionsRead MoreWomen in Baseball1677 Words   |  7 PagesBaseball, some would argue, is America’s favorite past time. 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Americans were viewing and following new entertainments. Sports were one of these entertainments. Amateur and professional athlete’s performance in their own sport was key to the growth of athletics in the 1920’s, because they changed the American attitude towards sports, createdRead MoreStrides Toward Equality in Major League Baseball Essay2871 Words   |  12 Pagesthe Brooklyn Dodgers, and vice president, Branch Rickey, had always been bothered by the unwritten and unspoken color line in major league baseball. In 1945, he took advantage of his power as manager and called for a meeting with Jackie Robinson from the Kansas City Monarchs, a Negro League team (â€Å"About Jackie Robinson†). He had always secretly scouted Negro League teams in hopes of finding the right candidate. One who had enough talent, but also had enough guts to not jeer back at the harsh remarks

The No Child Left Behind ( Nclb ) Act Launching America s...

In 2001, President George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act launching America’s education system into an era of standardized testing as a method of holding states and schools accountable for student achievement. With this recent surge of high-stakes standardized testing, teachers are held to increasingly higher expectations of quality instruction and meeting these standards. However, schools are unprepared in achieving the goals of NCLB resulting in years of struggle to improve student success in testing due to flaws in the traditional grading system. Current schools and teachers lack proper grading practices that are inadequate of accurately representing student achievement. With the increased focus on standards, it is imperative that schools begin to implement an effective grading system so that all students and parents are provided accurate feedback of students’ abilities. There are myriad unforeseen consequences when schools use the traditional grading system. For the past century, traditional grading practices and policies that have contributed to much of the failure of student achievement. The use of the traditional grading system has slowly led to the major issue of grade inflation. Most often students’ grade tend to be inflated with the help of non-academic factors such as homework, participation and student effort. High school teachers tend include effort as part of the grade, giving high grades to students who work in class despite whether theyShow MoreRelatedEducation Revolution: Why the No Child Left Behind Act Didnt Work1695 Words   |  7 PagesEducation is the foundation of American society. It empowers the youth of America to become the successful leaders this country needs for the future. Education has been one of America’s top priorities since 1965, when the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed. Now, educati on is controlled by the No Child Left Behind Act, which was launched in January 8, 2002. This act was passed with intentions from the government to provide Americans with a more superior education system. HoweverRead MoreImportance Of Education Essay1802 Words   |  8 PagesEducation is the necessity of life that lies next food and water in today’s world where people have a vast knowledge of everything and more and more people are getting access to it and is laying the base for developments in different fields and that is exactly what the Astounding American physicist Albert Einstein had said explaining the importance of education in a person’s life even when they are long beyond their school day till the very last day of their life they keep on using that knowledge

Succubus Shadows Chapter 17 Free Essays

string(24) " of this taken care of\." My initial time with the Oneroi had been a mix of true and false dreams. As time went on – and I really had no way of saying how much of it did go on – the majority of them seemed to be true ones. They were either visitations of awful memories or more glimpses into my current life, meant to demoralize me and make me homesick. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus Shadows Chapter 17 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was still torn apart, still feeling more animal than human or succubus or†¦whatever. Yet, the fleeting pieces of rationality within me wondered at the sudden lack of handcrafted visions. One might argue the Oneroi were being lazy. They were just giving me recycled material, and whenever I did see my friends in the world, I got the impression that it was less a dream and more like the Oneroi flipping me onto a TV channel to make sure I stayed distracted and gave them something to feed off of. It almost felt like they were trying to keep me busy because†¦well, they were busy. But why? What had happened? What had Dante been about to tell Roman and the others? Was it enough to make the Oneroi pull some of their attention from me? Or were these simply more mind games meant to leave me in turmoil? I kept hoping I’d see a follow-up to what had happened with Dante, but the Oneroi had other parts of the life I’d left behind to show me. Or, well, parts I hadn’t left behind. Simone was still impersonating me, and the Oneroi wanted me to know. Adding insult to injury, she was helping Maddie and Seth with the wedding. The three of them were out cake shopping, and honestly, I was almost more surprised to find Seth there than I was Simone in her disguise. He’d pretty much kept away from the wedding planning as much as possible, using the pretense that he was no good at decisions and was happy to let Maddie run things the way she wanted. I didn’t doubt the first part of what he said but wondered about the second. In my heart of hearts, the one that believed he was still in love with me, I secretly hoped he was passing it to Maddie just because he was indifferent to it all. I wanted to believe that he really didn’t care about the planning because he didn’t care about the wedding. It was clear, however, that I cared. Or rather – Simone cared. Considering my reluctance at dress shopping, you would have thought Maddie might notice the sudden increase in zeal. Nope. Maddie was too caught up in her own bubble of happiness and welcomed â€Å"my† assistance. So, the three of them set off on a cake adventure, visiting all the bakeries Maddie had compiled and ranked on a list pulled from hours of Internet research. â€Å"You want it creamy,† said Simone, licking icing off her fingers at a bakery in Belltown. Actually, it was more like sucking. â€Å"This is a little too sugary.† The threesome sat at a table where they had been provided with a plate of samples. â€Å"That’s the point,† said Maddie. She was eating a bite-size piece of chocolate cake in a much less pornographic way. â€Å"Mega sugar rush.† â€Å"Yeah, but if you get too much sugar, it just tastes grainy. You want it to slide right over your lips.† She turned to Seth. â€Å"Don’t you think so?† Seth had taken a bite out of a piece of marble cake. â€Å"It is kind of grainy.† Simone gave him a knowing smile, one that seemed to say, See? I know you better than anyone else in the world. Seth held her eyes for a moment, but his expression was unreadable. He turned toward Maddie. â€Å"But we can do whatever you want.† â€Å"No, no,† she said, not sounding too disappointed. â€Å"This is for both of us. I want it to be something you like too.† Seth gave her a mischievous smile. â€Å"Does it matter? It all gets shoved in the face anyway.† Maddie’s eyes went wide. â€Å"No, it doesn’t! Don’t even think about doing that.† â€Å"Guess you won’t know until the time comes, huh?† His smile had grown. Seeing him play with her made me (figuratively) squirm, but I took comfort in seeing a flash of annoyance in Simone’s eyes. Maddie was succeeding where Simone couldn’t. That was how it should be†¦or was it? Maddie’s unwitting triumph over Simone meant she had†¦well, triumphed over me. Or had she? Simone looked like me but wasn’t truly me. Damn. This was all so confusing. â€Å"Seth wouldn’t do that,† said Simone, resting her hand on his shoulder in what was supposed to be a friendly way. Maddie couldn’t see it from her vantage, but Simone’s fingers lightly brushed the back of his neck. â€Å"Not if he wants a good honeymoon.† She spoke lightly, but there was a sly undertone there. Having her sex life brought up in public made Maddie blush. Seth had shifted uncomfortably, but the reason was unclear. Simone’s fingers? The mention of sex? Maybe both. Simone removed her hand, seeming innocent to all the world, except Seth and me. Maddie seemed eager to change the subject from the romantic goings-on of a honeymoon. â€Å"I think you should at least pick the cake flavor,† she said. â€Å"I’m choosing so much else.† â€Å"I don’t know,† said Seth. He still seemed uncomfortable. â€Å"I don’t care if you do it.† â€Å"Yeah, but she wants you to,† said Simone. â€Å"Come on, make one firm decision here. You can’t go wrong. Maddie’ll eat anything you pick.† Loaded statement. Neither Seth nor Maddie acted as though they read anything into it, but I had a feeling Simone had intended it as a reference to Maddie’s very buxom figure. â€Å"Exactly,† said Maddie. â€Å"What’s your favorite flavor?† â€Å"I bet I can guess,† said Simone. â€Å"Chocolate.† â€Å"Strawberry,† said Maddie. Losers. It was vanilla. â€Å"Vanilla,† said Seth. Maddie groaned. â€Å"Naturally. Well, there’s one decision made.† She rose from the table. â€Å"Let’s try a few other places and get the rest of this taken care of. You read "Succubus Shadows Chapter 17" in category "Essay examples" Not much left after this.† They reached the door, and Maddie stopped to glance at Simone. â€Å"Oh, hey. Will you do me a favor? Will you take Seth tux shopping?† â€Å"What?† asked Seth. No neutral face now. He was shocked. Maddie grinned. â€Å"If you don’t have a keeper, you’ll show up at the church in a Billy Idol T-shirt. And it’s bad luck if I go with you.† â€Å"I thought that was just for the bride,† said Seth. â€Å"I want to be surprised,† Maddie countered. â€Å"Of course I’ll go,† said Simone, putting her arm around Seth again in that â€Å"friendly† way. Maddie beamed, and the bakery faded away†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦transforming into Erik’s store. Erik sat at a small table with Jerome and Roman, and – so help me – they were drinking tea. Even Jerome. Roman was visible, which made me think Jerome must have decided they no longer needed to fear the eyes of higher powers who might wonder why my â€Å"human† roommate kept tagging along with Seattle’s archdemon. Erik was tapping his tea cup thoughtfully. â€Å"If your theory is right, it would explain a lot.† These words were directed at Roman. â€Å"The dream quality of the visions. Mr. Jerome’s complete inability to find her.† Jerome’s slightly arched eyebrow was the only indication of his displeasure over the word â€Å"inability.† Erik continued, eyes on his cup as he pondered it all. â€Å"And you’re right†¦of all the creatures you suggested, Oneroi or Morphean demons make the most sense.† Oh! I thought in triumph to the Oneroi. How do you like that, bitches? My friends are on to you. No response came. No dissolving of the dream, as I would have expected. â€Å"But why her?† asked Roman irritably. I had a feeling he’d taken credit for the dream idea, shielding Dante from Jerome’s wrath. â€Å"Why a succubus? Don’t they only care about human dreams?† â€Å"They’re tied to Nyx,† pointed out Erik. Oh, yes. My friends were smart. Smarter than Nancy Drew and the Hardy Boys put together. Maybe even Matlock too. â€Å"The ‘why’ is irrelevant,† said Jerome, speaking at last. â€Å"Whether it’s Oneroi or Morpheans is also irrelevant. If something’s taken her to the world of dreams, she’s completely inaccessible.† Roman frowned. â€Å"Why? Can’t you just go in there and pull her out now that you know?† Jerome gave his son a smile that almost, almost seemed genuinely amused. â€Å"You’re half-human, and it shows. Greater immortals can’t go there. We don’t dream. Only humans do. The way is barred to us.† â€Å"Because you have no hopes or imaginings of what might be,† said Erik. His manner and tone clearly indicated he believed such a thing to be a failing for angels and demons. â€Å"You need a soul to dream.† â€Å"Well, if I’m half-human, then I’ll go there,† said Roman obstinately, cutting off any retort Jerome might have given. â€Å"I dream. So I can enter, right? And I can take on whatever’s there.† There was so much determination in his voice that I half believed he could take on an army of Oneroi right now. â€Å"You have no idea what you’re talking about,† said Jerome. â€Å"Clearly. Do you have any idea what the dream world is like?† â€Å"Do you?† asked Roman dryly. â€Å"I thought you couldn’t go there.† â€Å"Dreams are what fuel human existence. Dreams of power, love, revenge, redemption†¦the dreams of mankind are vast, uncountable. Humans dream both waking and asleep. Those hopes and fears are what put them at risk – they gamble their lives and souls on dreams. You go into the world of dreams, and it’s like stepping into a blizzard. Every snowflake is some human imagining flitting by so quickly, you can’t even see it. All you see is a blur, a tangle of longings and chaos. If Georgina is there, she is one of those snowflakes. You would never find her soul.† Heavy silence fell. Finally, Roman said, â€Å"That was like poetry, Dad.† â€Å"But he’s correct,† Erik told Roman. More silence. Roman glanced between the two of them incredulously. â€Å"So that’s it? It’s hopeless? You’re giving up without even trying to find her?† â€Å"Trying is hopeless,† said Jerome. Demons might not dream the way humans did, but I suspected even he could picture what his superiors would do when they found out he’d lost a succubus. â€Å"Human magic could access the world of dreams, but it’d do no good.† He glanced at Erik, who nodded. â€Å"Someone lost among all that couldn’t be called back. Not even the strongest ritual could do it. Her soul would never hear anything we could muster.† Roman’s face was a mixture of emotions. Anger. Disbelief. And†¦resignation. That didn’t surprise me. Jerome’s face did, however. He had stiffened at Erik’s words, a spark of insight flashing in those cold, dark eyes. â€Å"But you could do the ritual, correct?† he asked Erik. â€Å"You’re human. You’re strong enough to open the way.† Erik eyed him warily. â€Å"Yes†¦but by your own admission, it would achieve nothing. The connection you had to her was theoretically strong enough to possibly summon her back, but you can’t enter. All we’d have is a useless doorway.† Jerome stood up abruptly. He glanced at Roman. â€Å"Find your own way home.† The demon vanished with a showy poof of smoke. And I vanished back into the Oneroi’s prison. They stood there in the dark, glowing from what they’d taken from me. In dreams, though I suffered, I never felt the horrific effects they caused until I returned from them. That was when the agony, energy loss, and confusion hit me. Yet, this time, I wasn’t completely lost to despair. â€Å"You were wrong,† I said. I tried to put some smugness in my voice, but it came out hoarse from my exhaustion. Good God. I was so, so tired. I guess dreaming didn’t necessarily mean sleeping. â€Å"My friends have figured it out. They know where I am.† As always, One and Two were nearly impossible to read. â€Å"What makes you think that was a true dream?† Excellent question. â€Å"Gut instinct,† I said. â€Å"You believe you can trust it?† asked One. â€Å"After all this time? After so many dreams? How can you tell what’s real and unreal?† I couldn’t. I knew when the memories were true – for now – but the â€Å"real world† scenes were harder. Maybe it wasn’t my gut so much as my blind optimism that believed what I’d just seen was real. Two guessed my thoughts. â€Å"You hope. And we’ve fed that hope, making you think you have a chance. So you will wait. And wait. And wait.† â€Å"It was real,† I said firmly, as though that would make it so. â€Å"Even if it was,† said One, â€Å"it meant nothing. You saw for yourself. There is no way to bring you back.† â€Å"Maybe that was the lie,† I said. â€Å"Maybe the rest was true. You mixed it. They figured out where I was, but you didn’t show me the part where they learned how to rescue me. They’re going to do that ritual.† â€Å"They will fail. Nothing can pull your soul from here.† â€Å"You’re wrong.† I didn’t even really know what I was saying. My essence felt like it was tearing apart, and really, the only thing I knew to do was to keep contradicting them. â€Å"And you are naive. You always have been. Lesser immortals carry that weakness over from their human days, and you’re one of the worst. Our mother nearly used your weakness to free herself from the angels. Now it will be your downfall.† â€Å"What do you mean Nyx almost used it?† The Oneroi exchanged glances – very, very pleased ones. â€Å"Your dream. Your fantasy,† explained Two. â€Å"The one she promised to show you if you freed her. You wanted so badly to believe it was possible, that you nearly gave in.† For a moment, I didn’t see them or that perpetual blackness. I was in a dream of my own creation, not theirs. The dream Nyx had sent to me over and over had been one of my future, with a home and a child – and a man. A man I loved whose identity remained a mystery. Nyx had never shown me the ending. Never shown me the man in the dream. â€Å"You are so full of shit,† I said. â€Å"You claim Nyx shows the truth – the future. But how could that vision have been true if I’m also supposed to be locked here for all eternity? They can’t both be true.† â€Å"The future is always changing,† said One. â€Å"That was true when she showed it to you. Your path shifted.† â€Å"Oh, come on! What’s the point of having a vision of the future if it can change at any moment? That’s not a truth or a lie. That’s a guess. And I never believed her anyway. What she showed me was impossible – even if I wasn’t here with you two assholes.† â€Å"You will never know if it was,† said Two. Then, he reconsidered. â€Å"Actually it was possible, but you will live with the knowledge that it’s a future that’s been taken from you.† â€Å"You can’t take what I never had,† I growled. â€Å"Succubi can’t have children. I could never have that kind of life.† What I didn’t add was that one startling thing had come from the dream. In it, I’d had two cats. At the time, I’d only had one – Aubrey. Not long after, I’d found Godiva, who was the other cat in the dream. Coincidence? Or had I truly been on the path to that future, only to have it ripped from me now? As always, the Oneroi could see into my heart and knew what I was thinking. â€Å"Do you want to see?† asked One. â€Å"See what?† â€Å"The man,† said Two. â€Å"The man in the dream.† How to cite Succubus Shadows Chapter 17, Essay examples

Quality Management Plan Business Quality Planning

Question: Describe about the Quality Management Plan for Business Quality Planning. Answer: Introduction The validation of the completion of the project deliverables with an acceptable quality level is the purpose of managing quality. The quality of the output of the project processes used to manage the deliverables and the creation of deliverables are assured by quality management. The level of quality is defined with the help of a quality management plan. Typically the level of quality is defined by the customers. The quality management plan describes how the project is taken and will ensure the quality level of the deliverables and the work processes. It is an integral part of any project management plan. It describes how the quality will be managed throughout the project lifecycle. It gives instructions as to how the project team will implement, communicate and support the project quality practices (Ahuja, 2012). It also clarifies the procedure and processes for conducting quality assurance, quality planning, quality control, and the process of continuous improvement. It is necessar y that every stakeholder is aware and familiar with the quality procedures. The outcome of the whole quality management plan will depend on the products produced and its quality. Here a quality management plan will be developed that will elaborate all the steps required for a successful quality management of products (Chen Wang, 2016). Steps of Quality Management Plan Purpose and Objectives The Quality Management Plan or QMP will authorize the procedures, processes, and activities for making sure of the quality product upon the projects conclusion. Under the purpose and objective heading it will document, a high level, the all-around approach for the management of quality for the project and it defines the plans purpose in delivering the quality product. The main purposes of QMP are to:- Ensure quality is planned Defining the management of quality Defining the quality assurance activities Defining the quality control activities Defining the standard quality that is accepted by all (Hanaysha, Abdullah, Ghani, 2016) Quality Management Scope The scope of the quality management activities will be defined in this section. If there are particular project areas where the application of quality standards is required, then those areas should be mentioned in the quality management scope. The activities of quality management are spread in the whole project lifecycle. From the staring that means from the initiation to the closure, the scope of quality management will appear in all the activities of the project phase (Kilgore, Radich, Harrison, 2011). For attaining success, a project has to meet the quality objectives by utilizing a unitary quality approach that defines the quality standards, measure it and continuously improve it. This step of QMP will be taken in the starting of the process by including stakeholders and quality assurance team members. This will allow the focus of the team on the items related to the quality of the product in the starting stages. This is done to incorporate specific quality activities and standard earlier in the project (Konidari Abernot, 2006). A weekly and monthly measurement report of the quality can be used as a tool to communicate the risks or issues that may arise in the quality. In the quality management scope step of the QMP following elements will be described and defined:- Quality Planning, assurance, and control Quality standards and activities relevant to the product Relevant quality measures and metrics for standards for project product functionality, management performance, deliverables, and documentation and testing. Quality assurance and control roles and responsibilities Software and tools required supporting quality management (Lau, Yam, Tang, 2011) Quality Planning The step of quality planning will be defining the requirements and standards of quality to be used for the project. This step should be performed along with the other planning processes of the project. For example, the changes proposed in the product to meet the described standards of the quality that may require schedule adjustment or cost, and a detailed analysis of risk that may impact the plan. The inputs that can be included in the quality planning includes the Scope Baseline (the work breakdown structure, the scope statement, and work breakdown structure dictionary), the organizational process assets, the stakeholder register, schedule baseline, cost performance baseline, risk register, organizational process assets, and enterprise environmental factors (Lyhne, Cashmore, Runhaar, van Laerhoven, 2015). Some tools and techniques which may come in use in this step for quality planning include quality management methodologies, statistical sampling, flow-charting, design experiments, benchmarking, control charts, the cost of quality, and cost-benefit analysis. Its output will include quality metrics, process improvement plans, quality checklists, quality management plan, and process document updates (O'Mahony Garavan, 2012). The quality planning requires the support of the senior project manager, team, sponsor, and other experienced and important seniors. Implementation and compliance with the quality planning with the QMP is a shared responsibility of all the project personnel. Quality planning includes following processes:- Establishing Quality Standards- the process of quality planning establishes the quality assurance and quality control standards, the project, procedures, standards, and descriptions that the project team may need. The quality process standards, description, and procedures applicable to the project phases will be defined and developed by the quality manager and senior project director in collaboration with the process owners and the team leaders (Wong, Tseng, Tan, 2013). Identify Quality Metrics- this part of the process identifies the metrics that the team may use. The quality manager and senior project director will work in collaboration with the team leaders, and process owners, who have developed and identified the quality metrics that may, needed to apply to the project. At different phases, the metrics which were based on project team established quality standards will be refined and documented in QMP. The quality metrics will be evaluating the goal achievement (Yang, 2011). Create Quality Checklists- the team will be using a quality checklist identified by the quality planning process. As an integral part, the project team will use the quality checklist on the process and product quality reviews. The application process of the quality checklist will be discussed in the process of quality assurance and product quality assurance sections. Problem Remediation- to determine the corrective actions and the improvements required for the process a discussion will take place in a meeting scheduled by the senior project manager separately. The outcome of the meeting will act on, wherever possible for improving the success of future project phases. It will be done by incorporating the experiences and lesson learned during the phase of planning activities. The quality of the project activities and the deliverables will increase through the incorporation of the quality management recommendation came into view from preceding review. This step will help in minimizing the issues at the end of the project and promotes a successful go-live (Gershon Rajashekharaiah, 2013). Quality Assurance Quality assurance is the section of QMP that explain the way to define and document the process of auditing the requirements for the quality and results that would be achieved from quality control measurements for quality standards compliance. It provides confidence that the quality requirements are getting fulfilled and helps in ensuring that the process of the project being used to deliver and manage the projects product is effective and applied properly (Huotari Havrdova, 2016). Throughout the projects life-cycle an iterative quality process will be used to ensure the quality. In quality assurance planning following actions need to be taken:- Determine the key processes need to be reviewed Determine the quality review standards Determine the expectations of stakeholders for effective business process Explain the quality assurance tools and activities Build measurement timelines and concluding actions (Indelicato, 2013) The techniques and tools that can be used for quality assurance process analysis, cause and effects diagrams, cause analysis, quality audits, control charts, quality control logs, and process flow mapping. The output of the quality assurance can be described with the help of organizational process assets updates, project management plan updates, change requests, and project document updates (Ip, 2009). Once all the activities of the quality assurance will be completed the senior project director will be scheduling a regular meeting for reviewing its findings. These reviews will include an agenda that will be a review of project processes, any error or variation, the findings of the audit coming from the quality manager, and the discussion on the initiatives taken or need to be taken on the process improvement. All the changes made will be documented, implemented and communicated to the members of the team regarding the process improvement efforts (Levin, 2014). Quality Control The method of defining and documenting the process to monitor and record the results of the executing the quality activities are known as quality control. This will be done to assess the performance and recommend the necessary changes. This is the part that apply on the product of the project. It includes the acceptable standards and the deliverable performance of the product and the method of measuring them (Li, Yang, Wu, 2008). The actions need to be completed as a part of quality control planning is as follows:- Determine the key deliverables need to be reviewed Determine the quality review standards Determine the correctness and completeness criteria suggested and defined by the customers Explain the quality control tools and activities Build measurement timelines and concluding actions Determine the owners of ongoing improvement and monitoring of project processes (Liang, 2010). Quality control inputs may include the quality metrics, work performance measurements, updated documentation deliverables, project management plan, quality checklists, approved change request, and organizational process assets. In quality control, the techniques and tools that can be used are control charts, cause and effect diagrams, flowcharting, Pareto charts, histograms, scatter diagrams, run charts, statistical sampling, approved change requests review, and inspection (Madadi Wong, 2014). The output can consist of quality control measurements, change requests, validated changes, organizational process assets updates, validated deliverables, project document updates, and project management plan updates. The steps that a quality control process involves are as follows:- Monitoring, validating, and verifying the work products to make sure that the requirements need to fulfilled for quality and scope of work are getting fulfilled or not. Inspection of documentation and deliverables and comparing them to a standard of quality that the stakeholders of the project have defined. To verify that the technical specification and the users requirements are met before as well as after the product gets approved and promoted to a stable production environment. To monitor the output of the workflow progress, detection of problems and defects, and allowing for taking corrective steps before the delivery of the services and products (Persic, Markic, Persic, 2016). Regular meetings will be scheduled by the senior project manager for the review of documents, management, and project. The agenda of the review will be revolving around the review of the products, any discrepancies or variation, and suggestion and discussion of product improvement initiatives (Prida And Grijalvo, 2008). Quality Management Roles and Responsibilities Quality management is the responsibility that has to be taken by all the members of the project team. This section of QMP will describe the primary roles and responsibilities that the project staff will handle in relation to the practice of the quality management for the project. All the role responsibilities and roles need to be clearly documented, defined and agreed upon between the project sponsor, senior project director, and quality manager (Rodrigues, 2007). As they all play a very important role in the quality management for the product. It is essential for a team that it makes sure that the work is completed as per the level which is the adequate quality level from individual work packages till the deliverables of the final project. For the project the quality roles and responsibilities required are as follows: Project Sponsor It the responsibility of the project sponsor to approve the quality standards for the project A project sponsor reviews the quality report and then provides assistance in the resolution of the escalated issues The final acceptances of the project deliverables are to be signed off by authority of the project sponsor (Sagiv Ladany, 2006). Senior Project Director Senior project director makes sure that all the processes, documentation, and tasks are in compliance with the plan and to do so he has to implement the quality management plan It is his responsibility to maintain quality management throughout the projects duration He should collaborate with the quality manager, specialists, and process owners to develop the quality metrics and standards according to the phases. He should ensure the compliance of team members with quality management processes (Starzyrska Hamrol, 2013) Supporting the quality manager in securing resources for performing the quality management Senior project director should participate in the review of quality management as required The quality standards need to be communicated to the project team and stakeholders (Steensen, 2010). Quality Manager A quality manager provides the overall leadership of quality management activities that includes the managing quality reviews and overseeing of the follow-on of the corrective actions He should develop and maintain the assurance plan of the project software quality He should generate and maintain the schedule of activities of software quality assurance He should collaborate with the quality specialist, senior project directors, and process owners for the development of quality metrics and standards (Taboada Coit, 2007). Raise the issues of non-compliance with the senior project director. He should keep the quality management plan updated and maintain the quality standards of the overall project processes and products (Tomazevic, Tekavcic, Peljhan, 2015). Quality Specialist/ Team Leaders/ Managers A team leader has a responsibility to support and oversee the application of quality standards set for the project process He should collaborate with the other team members like the senior project director, process owners, and quality manager in developing the quality plan which includes the quality metrics and standards. As required the team leader should participate in the quality management reviews. He should conduct the inspection of the quality assurance and quality control as appropriate (Tsui, 2010) The tools and methodologies for tracking quality and standards will be recommended by the team leader to establish acceptable quality levels. He should create and maintain the logs of quality control and assurance throughout the project He should conduct the assessment of the process and products, as explained in the plan Metrics need to developed and maintained (Welikala And Sohal, 2008) Process Owners A project owner should oversee and support in the project process by implicating the quality standards on the assigned processes. Keeping collaboration with the other team members that includes the quality manager, quality specialists, and senior project director His participation should be there in the reviews of quality management (Wickramasinghe Perera, 2012) Quality Management Records and Reports The section of the quality management plan that will keep the general information about the types of records and report that gets created and retained as a projects quality activities part. The location of the retention and the report and data format will vary from project to project. By maintaining these records the objective evidence and traceability of the assessment performed can be provided throughout the projects lifecycle. Some examples of the records are the assessment reports of process and products, metrics, weekly and monthly status reports, and completed checklists. A shared document repository can be used by the team members as a part of the quality activities and reviews that will contain the reporting data and the reports produced. The maintenance of the records will be done through the implementation phase of the project (Yang, 2011). Quality Measurements Tools The section of quality measurements and tools will contain a sample or useable log or a table that can be used in taking quality measurements and then for doing the comparison of them against standards and requirements. There are various formats of these forms. To provide documentation of the finding is the most important aspect of this log. Some action needs to be taken if the actual measurements do not meet the requirements or standards. This can be done during the regularly scheduled meeting for the project status or if necessary throughout the life-cycle of the project. Work is going on in the development and designing of a standard project measurements and metrics plan that can be applicable to all the projects (Gershon Rajashekharaiah, 2013). The team can use different tools when activities are performed of quality management for the project (Huotari Havrdova, 2016). The tools that can be used are as follows:- Software Quality Tools Microsoft Office Tools like Excel, Power Point, Word, and Project Test management software Test Management Repository Defect Tracking Software and Defect Management Repository (Li, Yang, Wu, 2008). Project Management Tools Project Server Issues and risk management system Deliverables Repository Software Vendor Problem Reporting Schedule Management and Tracking software (Madadi Wong, 2014) Problems and Solutions Problems Problems that an organization may face while implementing the quality management standards are as follows:- Competitive Markets- the main force and a reason of many other obstacles to quality is the competitive markets. It is a mental barrier that occurs by misunderstanding the definition of the quality. Companies equate quality with high cost, but the actual definition is bringing quality in the product in every function of the company. If the functions of the company are poor then the result in the form of the product will also be poor (Persic, Markic, Persic, 2016). Abdication of responsibility- the poor management practices, competitive environment, and a general lack of higher expectations has inflated the unhealthy and unproductive attitudes. Such attitudes are expressed by saying "It's not my job." Employees are trained to follow management with closed eyes which foster the motivation and creativity of them. Lack of leadership for quality- many layers and levels of management often result in duplication of responsibility and duty. This makes the quality implementation a managements job. This lead to discrepancies in taking the responsibility of quality between employees and the management. Employees involved in production and has a responsibility to incorporate quality in the product do not feel attached with process and hence do not take the initiative to make quality checks as per the customer's demand (Chen Wang, 2016). Deficiency of Cultural Dynamism- every organization has its own work culture which is preferred to be followed by the people associated with it. They like to stick to its old culture, which is in need of change to give the customer the quality he wants from the product. Inadequate cultural dynamism makes it difficult to implement the quality control steps in the organization. Inadequate resources for implementing quality management standards-Most of companys strategic plans do not include the standards of quality management and little funds are being allotted to it. When bringing the new changes in the company to get the adequate quality outcome, requirement of resources increases which affects the budget of the company. Many companies find it as an unnecessary expense for the company (Starzyrska Hamrol, 2013). Lack of Customer focus- most of the organizations strategic plans are not customer driven. They are more profit-oriented objectives in given period. Little market research is done to find out what are the customers requirements and demands from the product related to its quality. Lack of effective measurement of improving quality- QMP focuses on customers demand and need to be fulfilled from the product related to its quality. It is based on the customers feedback in developing the standards of the quality in the product. Many companies lack the effective measurement tools which are necessary to measure the quality and the improvement required in the quality (O'Mahony Garavan, 2012). Poor Planning- when a sound strategy is absent from the planning then it contributes to the ineffective quality improvement. In the starting phase only the planning goes wrong which affects the whole process and the outcome of the quality of the product is not up to the mark. Lack of management commitment- announcing and taking initiative in the implementation of quality management plan are two different things. Just by setting up the steps and design of the quality management plan is not sufficient, implementation and running of is properly is also very important to get the desired outcome from the planning. It is the management duty to effectively implement the quality plan in the organization (Taboada Coit, 2007). Resistance of the work-force- sometimes the work-force employed by the organization becomes unwilling to take up the initiative to improve quality by implementing the quality management plan. The reason may the changes in the procedure that the organization will go through or the extra pressure and workload they will face due to it Lack of proper training- if changes are to be brought in the working of the organization, then training for the changes needs to be given to employees. This will familiarize them with the change. Many times this does not happen and the result is poor implementation of the management plan (Yang, 2011). Recommendations or Solutions For successful implementation of the Quality Management Plan to achieve the Quality Management Standards are as follows:- The purpose towards improvement of the product should be created consistently to bring competitiveness in business and provide jobs to people required to bring the quality management The dependency on mass inspection should be ceased and instead of that the statistical evidences should be considered around which quality is built on. Adopting new philosophy as per the requirement of the new age. Effective work-force, no mistake, best material, and no delays should be the focus of the company. Proper training to the employees regarding the expected changes will help them to become familiar with the new procedures and accept them easily. Still the company find it difficult to implement the quality management plan, and then a thorough search is required to find the exact problem and the factors behind the problem (Prida And Grijalvo, 2008). Conclusion Quality is an important factor that an organization tries to maintain with a lot of efforts. A plan of maintaining the quality of the product as per the demand and requirements of the customers need to be designed and this is done through the quality management plan. There are many steps that are needed to be followed to reach the quality maintenance throughout the projects life-cycle. This includes the quality assurance, control, and role and responsibilities of the people associated with the project and quality management plan. If properly followed, then all the barriers that may arise during the process can be overcome, and total quality can be found in the product. References Ahuja, I. (2012). Total quality management implementation for reducing percent process defects in a manufacturing organisation.International Journal Of Business Performance Management,13(1), 1. Baharum, Z., Nawawi, A., Saat, Z. (2009). 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