Baseball History Research Paper

Baseball History Research Paper For many decades baseball has been a great source of entertainment and fun for a huge range of fans from all over the world. As we know, the first game was played in Hoboken, New Jersey on June 19, 1846. On that day the NY Knickerbockers were defeated by the NY Nine with the score of 23-1. The baseball players were keeping up to the rules, established by Alexander J. Cartwright. There’s also a myth that the inventor of baseball was Abner Doubleday, but that is not true. The basic rules of the game were created by Alexander Cartwright. The Cincinnati Red Stockings were the first professional baseball team, who played a range of successful games in 1869. The rules have been changing during the whole period of the game’s existence. In 1900 they were almost like the ones we have today. Nowadays a new generation of baseball players has come. Among them is Mark McGwire, Sammie Sosa, etc. However, there’s one significant difference between the players of our days and the ones from the previous decades. The baseball players are making huge sums of money now. Millions of dollars they get as their prizes. Also the equipment for the game has changed. For example, it was like that in the case with gloves. At first, the baseball players wore thin leather pieces on their hands. It had 5 holes for fingers. In 1890ies the gloves looked like the ones the players wear nowadays. You may wonder how come that

Chronotopic Shaping and Reshaping in H.G. Wells The Time Machine and Octavia E. Butlers Kindred - Literature Essay Samples

Mikhail Bakhtin, in his essay Forms of Time and Chronotope in the Novel, argues that the chronotope of a literary work – the configuration of time and space in the fictional world that the text projects – is inextricably connected with its characters: the image of man in literature†¦ is always intrinsically chronotopic. (Bakhtin, 85). In this paper I will apply his theory to two radically different texts that deal with time travel: H.G. Wells The Time Machine and Octavia Butlers Kindred. H.G. Wells The Time Machine contains three different chronotopes: the chronotope of the novellas frame narrative, the chronotope of the future world of 802,701, and the chronotope of the post-apocalyptic world. The chronotope of the frame narrative is the time travel chronotope, in which temporality and spatiality fuse together: time becomes a fourth dimension of Space (Wells, 8), and therefore it is a nexus in which both time and space are isotropic. A corollary of this unified sp ace-time continuum is predestination, because the ability to travel through time presupposes a fixed history, in order to avoid various logical paradoxes, such as the grandfather paradox. Hence, the free will of the characters situated in the fictional world constructed around this chronotope is of no ontological consequence; they are powerless to change their reality or shape their future. I suggest that the predestination governing this fictional world is precisely the cause of the characters lack of psychological depth: they are all stock characters, most of them named only after their profession and conforming to their professional stereotype the Medical Man is skeptical, the Editor is nosy and eager for a scoop, the Psychologist listens attentively and feigns understanding and the Time Traveler is eccentric and fervent, as any archetypical mad scientist. Their inherent flatness is the structural result of the time travel chronotope: complex characters with a rich background, p ersonal desires, passions, thoughts and quirks are ill-fit for a world upon which they have no impact. The chronotope of the future world of 802,701 is the evolution chronotope. This future world is the end result of environmental changes brought about by upper class humans, which led in turn to the division of the human race into two distinct species, one decadent and the other animalistic, due to the mechanism of natural selection, which prevents the preservation of traits that are no longer necessary for the survival of a species, like intellect in the case of the future humans. Natural selection, as delineated by Charles Darwin, links events together by contingency rather than design, because it is based on random changes in environment. It may be argued, however, that natural selection does not negate determinism, since it is possible that a force beyond nature governs environmental alterations that seem random. Nonetheless, the implied author of the narrative remains faithful to the Darwinistic paradigm and constructs the timeline of this fictional world as mutable, as is evident in the Time Travelers behavior: he acts as if he has free will and his actions have consequences. Moreover, he blames the human race for its own deterioration I grieved to think how brief the dream of the human intellect had been. It had committed suicide. (85) thereby preassuming that the humans responsible for the situation could have acted differently. Thus, from the implied authors ontological point of view, the fictional world of the embedded narrative is governed by contingency. Accordingly, its chronotope is the intersection of unbounded space and linear time, with a mutable timeline, bounded only by the Time Travelers quest for the Time Machine: the moment he recovers it, the Time Traveler leaves this world and the discourse time of this narrative comes to an end. The evolution chronotope shapes characters differently from the way they were molded by the time travel ch ronotope. The Time Traveler is no longer an archetypal mad scientist, but rather a complex man who struggles to survive in a dangerous world. We are given a much deeper insight into his emotions and frailties: at the outset we see him losing control I remember running violently†¦ beating the bushes with my clenched fists†¦ laying hands upon them and shaking them up together. (40) later on he wastes his precious matches on amusing the Eloi, and towards the end of his journey he accidentally burns down an entire forest. However, the Time Travelers psychological complexity manifests itself most clearly in his attitude towards Weena: he states that she was exactly like a child (48), and yet flirts with her she kissed my hands. I did the same to hers. (48); he complains that that he had as much trouble as comfort from her devotion (48), but immediately qualifies the complaint Nevertheless she was, somehow, a very great comfort (48); finally he feels the intensest wretchedne ss for the horrible death of little Weena (84), but asserts that she always seemed to me, I fancy, more human than she was, perhaps because her affection was so human. (70). In this context it is interesting to note that the Time Traveler perceives affection as an inherently human trait, because none of the characters in the frame narrative evince affection, although they are all human in the usual sense of the world. Furthermore, the Time Traveler himself expresses affection only towards Weena. To recapitulate, the Time Travelers shift from a world constructed around the time travel chronotope, to a world unified by the evolution chronotope, brings about his transformation from a flat character to a round one, who expresses the range of irrational behavior and conflicting thoughts and emotions that is the hallmark of psychological depth. We may therefore surmise that in this novella complexity of character is only rendered possible in a fictional world that entails temporal fluidit y. Furthermore, time in the future world of 802,701 leaves its marks on the Time Traveler His coat was dusty and dirty†¦ his face was ghastly pale†¦ his expression was haggard and drawn, as by intense suffering (17) whereas time in the fictional world of the frame narrative does not seem to alter the characters physically or mentally. This contrast is another corollary of the difference between the chronotopes of the two worlds.It may also be worth mentioning the third chronotope of the novella, which lies at the core of the post-apocalyptic fictional world. In this chronotope space is boundless, whereas time is both boundless and static at the same time. On the one hand, temporality is a dimension in this world, because otherwise there could be no movement within it. On the other hand, the life of this world is almost completely extinct the sun is dying, civilization is long gone, and the only creature remaining is a round thing†¦ black against the weltering blood -red water (93) – and without life time is in many aspects meaningless. Be that as it may, the chronotope of the post-apocalyptic world has little opportunity to influence the Time Traveler, since he quickly flees in horror of this great darkness (92). The difference between the shaping of fictional characters by the time travel chronotope to their shaping by the evolution chronotope may also offer a solution to one of the central mysteries of the text: why does the Time Traveler decide to undertake another journey in time, despite the fact that he narrowly escaped unscathed the first time? Ostensibly, he journeys in search of more tangible proof of his travels. However, the Time Traveler ipso facto cannot bring back proof substantial enough to make people believe him, because then in all probability the future he describes would be averted due to precautions taken in his present time, and if the future he describes no longer exists, then it is not possible that he travele d into this future, thereby creating a logical paradox. The Time Traveler, as a scientist, is probably aware of this paradox. Therefore, I suggest that he undertakes a second journey in time because he desires to enter, once again, a world structured around a chronotope that, to the extent of his knowledge, does not dictate a fixed timeline. He is well aware that the future of his own world is fixed, but by traveling to a world in which, from his limited point of view, the future may be open, the Time Traveler believes that he is once again assuming control over his life and mastering his fate. Perhaps that is why he has never returned (99). Octavia E. Butlers Kindred contains two chronotopes. The first chronotope, like that of The Time Machines frame narrative, is the time travel chronotope. In order to distinguish it from The Time Machines chronotope, I will henceforth call it the modern chronotope, since it predominantly deals with space and time in the twentieth century. The tem poral movement enabled by the modern chronotope is far more limited than that which is enabled by the Time Machines time travel chronotope. Dana, the narrator and protagonist, can travel through a vast stretch of time and space within a few moments, but this travel is restricted to shifts between her new house in Altadena, California, in the time span of a few weeks between the 9th of June to the 4th of July 1976, and Rufus Weylins immediate surroundings in Maryland, during Rufus lifetime between the 1830s to the 1850s. It is important to note two things about this chronotope, concerning the instances in which Dana is not time traveling. First, on the diegetic level temporality is linear: the narrative moves forward in time from Danas birthday to an unknown instance – as soon as my arm was well enough (262) – after the time travel has come to an end. On the extradiegetic level there are a few external analepses and one internal prolepsis (the loss of Danas arm), but th ese anachronisms are irrelevant to the discussion of the chronotope, because if we were to reconstruct the story from the narrative discourse, these events would be part of a linear timeline. Second, with the exception of the narrative anachronisms aforementioned, space is bounded to Danas home, precisely because of her abnormal spatial-temporal movement: I was still afraid to leave the house Driving, I could easily kill myself, and the car would kill other people if Rufus called me from it at the wrong time. Walking, I could get dizzy and fall while crossing the street. (116). Thus, the modern chronotope is an intersection of limited isotropic time and bounded space. However, despite the logical paradoxes of time travel, this chronotope does not create a fictional world governed by predestination. There are no textual indications that the actions of the fictional characters lack ontological consequences, thereby reducing them to the level of pawns of a fixed future. Quite the contr ary, Dana is portrayed as an especially independent and free thinking young woman, who talks back to her boss, decides to be a writer despite the objections of her aunt and uncle, marries the man she loves regardless of racial difference and family disapproval, and stands her ground when her husband attempts to force her into activities she detests, such as typing. Thus, although the implied author is clearly aware of time travel paradoxes, as she articulates through the Danas musings regarding Rufus His life could not depend on the actions of his unconceived descendant. No matter what I did, he would survive to father Hagar, or I could not exist. That made sense. (29) – she nonetheless creates an impossible world that contains both isotropic time and freedom of will and action. This impossibility can be pardoned, because time travel in Kindred is used to defamiliarize the past, by depicting it through the eyes of a homodiegetic narrator who has much more in common with the implied reader than she does with the average African American slave. The narrative thus recreates the horrors of slavery in a way which is intended to shock an audience already benumbed by innumerable slave narratives and documentaries. However, this affect is predicated on Danas depth and complexity, and therefore it is crucial that she be free to make her own choices on an ontological level, in at least one of the fictional worlds of the novel. Hence, the modern chronotope of confined space and restricted multidirectional time, coupled with ontological freedom, shape the characters as free beings who are constantly struggling with the oppressive forces pitted against them. Dana and Kevin, her husband, do not wait resignedly for her sudden abductions into the past, but exert every effort in order to increase her chances of survival: Kevin furnishes Dana with a weapon – On the side of me was a canvas tote bag containing†¦ the biggest switch knife I had ever seen (45) â €“ searches the local library, and even travels with her to the past, and Dana supplies herself with medication and a map of Maryland, and calls for help when she realizes that she cannot do her own shopping. The second chronotope of the novel is the slavery chronotope, in which space is bounded to the Weylin slave plantation, and time is linear the narrative moves forward in time from Rufus early childhood to his death and fragmented: the world is depicted in discontinuous sections of time, which are delimited at their start by a moment in which Rufus feels that his life is in danger, and at their end by a moment in which Dana feels her life is threatened. This fractured time creates fractured characters, because both the narrator and the reader have access to them only in isolated stages of their lives, with substantial gaps in between. Dana first meets Margaret Weylin, for example, when she is a young overprotective mother who beats her childs savior. Dana meets her a secon d time four years later, and she is still overprotective, fiercely jealous and vindictive. However, when Dana meets her for the third and last time, Margaret is eleven years older and profoundly changed: vulnerable, weak, and pathetic. Both Dana and the reader find it difficult to accept Margarets change, because for Dana only a few months have passed (including both the time she spent in the past and that which she spent in the present), and for the reader only a single chapter separates between Danas previous meeting with Margaret and the current one. Thus, we see here an example of how science fiction projects narrative techniques from the extradiegetic level to the diegetic one narrative ellipses become actual ellipses in the fictional worlds timeline – which create an affinity between Danas experience of time travel and the readers reading experience. This in turn brings about the deconstruction of the fictional characters as unified entities that change gradually over time. All the characters in this world, with the exception of Dana and Kevin, are incomplete, and as much as Dana loves Carrie, hates Tom Weylin, and pities Alice Greenwood, her perception of them is discontinuous, and she can never relate to them as fully as they relate to one another. The slavery chronotope leads us once again to the issue of predestination. This issue manifests itself on two levels. On one level, the question of whether the fictional worlds timeline is fixed or mutable must remain ambiguous, in order for the narrative to retain its credibility and poignancy. If the fictional world were clearly deterministic, the preservation of Danas ancestry would be assured and she would probably abandon Rufus to his death, thereby bringing the story to an abrupt end. Yet if the fictional world were overtly subject to change, then the narrative would lose its raw power of depicting Danas attempts to instill Rufus with modern moral values and to alleviate the suffering of the pl antation slaves as gambling against history (83), a struggle doomed to failure. By the end of the narrative it is still unclear if the fictional worlds timeline is fixed, in which case Dana has no choice but to rescue her ancestor, or rather if it is open, in which case she indeed saves her lineage and herself through her endurance and resourcefulness. This ambiguity is heightened by the absence of any mention of Dana in the newspaper reporting Rufus death I could find nothing in the incomplete newspaper records to suggest that he had been murdered, (263) – thereby suggesting that his demise was predetermined, and it is of little consequence that Dana was the agent of death. On the second level, the novel deals extensively with the notion of socio-historical determinism: how easily slaves are made (177). It explores how the slavery chronotope inevitably engenders slaves and slave owners. In other words, the issue at stake on this level is not determinism resulting from logic al paradoxes, but rather the extent in which human behavior is controlled by spatiality and temporality (chronotope). This issue is dramatized through the process in which the slavery chronotope inexorably destabilizes the identities of Dana and Kevin, as they are shaped by the modern chronotope as liberal thinkers, modern writers, and open-minded, affectionate lovers – and reshapes them respectively as a slave and a slave owner who becomes an abolitionist. In this context, it is most telling that Danas black skin color is only mentioned on her second journey to the past, three chapters into the novel, when Rufus states that his mother called her just some nigger (24). It is almost as if she was a white woman in the fictional world structured around the modern chronotope, and it is the slavery chronotope that has suddenly blackened her. At this stage she is still secure enough in her modern identity to return a rebuke: Im a black woman, Rufe. If you have to call me something other than my name, thats it.' (25). However, her attitude towards Rufus derogatory language changes in her next journey, when Kevin wishes to chastise him for exclaiming that Niggers cant marry white people!' (60), but she lays a hand on Kevins arm just in time to stop him from saying whatever he would have said. (60-1). In the same journey Dana attempts to assert their otherness we werent really in. We were observers watching a show†¦ poor actors. We never really got into our roles. (98) – but her words carry a degree of self deception, since shortly beforehand she felt vaguely ashamed when Tom Weylin caught her leaving Kevins bedroom I felt almost as though I really was doing something shameful, happily playing whore for my supposed owner. (97) – thereby betraying that the slavery chronotope has already begun to reshape her identity. Even her attempt to teach Nigel to read and write is a typical act of a rebellious slave, not of a modern woman. Kevins identi ty is similarly reshaped, as we may see in his declaration that nineteenth century America could be a great time to live in,' (97). His abolitionist activities mentioned later on in the narrative are once again characteristic of a nineteenth century enlightened white man, not of a young liberal in 1976 California. Thus, by the end of this journey Dana is ready to admit that now and then†¦ I cant maintain the distance. Im drawn all the way into eighteen nineteen (101). Danas next journey to the past marks a further step in the slavery chronotopes reshaping of her identity. She now regards the plantation as her home – I was startled to catch myself saying wearily, Home at last.' (127) – thereby severely calling into question the status of her house in twentieth century California. Moreover, while dining with Rufus she states I put down my biscuit and reined in whatever part of my mind Id left in 1976. (134) thus indicating that the change imposed on her by the sla very chronotope is accelerated by her own self fashioning as a slave, in an attempt to ease her suffering in the harsh reality encompassing her. This destabilization of Danas identity is articulated in Tom Weylins interrogation of her: Who are you? he demanded. What are you?†¦ I dont know what you want me to say, I told him. Im Dana. You know me. Dont tell me what I know!' (130); indeed, by the time Dana returns from her fourth journey to the past, it is no longer clear who she is. This is true for Kevin to an even larger extent: his identity has been reshaped so profoundly by the slavery chronotope in the five years that he spent in the past, that he feels like a stranger in his own home and century. The dialectical shaping and reshaping of characters by the novels two chronotopes is epitomized in the juxtaposition of the sexual intercourse between Dana and Kevin in the fictional world of 1976 California, and Rufus attempted rape of Dana in the fictional world of mid nineteent h century Maryland. After they return to the twentieth century, Dana insists that Kevin make love to her, despite his misgivings: Go to bed, said Kevin†¦ Come to bed with me.†¦ Come with me, I repeated softly. Dana, youre hurt. Your back†¦ Please come with me. He did. (189-90). This act portrays Dana as a willful young woman with a sexual appetite, who feels secure in her own body and self confident enough to demand that her husband pleasure her. Yet shortly afterward, Dana returns to the past and is nearly raped by Rufus, in the scene which marks the culmination of the novel. The first moments of this scene portray a completely different Dana: apathetic, submissive, and ready to surrender her body to the exploitation of a man who treats her as his slave. She initially displays meekness equal to the insistence with which she implored Kevin to come to bed with her: I realized how easy it would be for me to continue to be still and forgive him even this. So easy, in spi te of all my talk (259). Thus, Danas antithetical behavior in these two scenes reflects the extent in which fictional characters are shaped by the chronotopes of the worlds they inhabit. Another example of this is Danas agreement to write letters for Rufus, which stands in contrast to her obdurate refusal to type for Kevin. Yet despite textual evidence that the slavery chronotope almost fully erodes Danas modern identity and reshapes her as a slave in the fictional world of the past, in the final moments of the attempted rape scene the last vestige of her modern identity drives her to rebel against Rufus: No. (260). Ironically, she saves herself by killing him, which is once again an act of a rebellious slave, not of a free modern woman. In the novels dà ©nouement Dana returns to the modern world, this time permanently, but in the process her left arm becomes a part of the wall (261). I suggest that her arm is caught in the gap between chronotopes, in that same space through which Rufus saw her coming to rescue him from the elements of fire and water, and which solidifies into a plaster wall after Dana kills him. One may also construe the mutilation as the price Dana must pay for undergoing such extensive reshaping as an obedient slave: she is mutilated in the same way that nineteenth century slaves were maimed as punishment for transgressions against their owners. Thus, the loss of modern identity entails the loss of an arm. To conclude, I have attempted a close analysis of the chronotopic shaping and reshaping of fictional characters in H.G. Wells The Time Machine and Octavia Butlers Kindred. By tracing the profound influence that travel between worlds with different chronotopes has on the protagonists of the two literary works, I have tried to show the intrinsic connection between a literary texts chronotope and its characterization. BibliographyBakhtin, Mikhail Mikhailovich. Forms of Time and Chronotope in the Novel. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981Butler, Octavia E. Kindred. Boston: Beacon Press, 2003.Wells, H. G. The Time Machine. London: Ernest Benn, 1927.

10 Facts About the Spanish Language

My Knowledge And View Of Reading And Writing - 863 Words

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Definition Of Marketing And Marketing Strategy Essay

Definition of marketing? It s is a process in which wants changes into needs. The activities of an organization connected with purchasing and offering an items or administration. The marketing process is having direct connection with communication and requirements and the actual goal of marketing is to expand the sales of the company’s product as well as the Company’s profit. In the terms of marketing, there are some of key points which are connected with the marketing such as target market, market segmentation and consumer behaviour. 1 Product 2 Place 3 Price 4 Promotion Product – This includes the customer satisfaction and all its needs and demands. Moreover it also fulfil the demands of customers by competing the previous product and providing the customers as a updated one. Price – The price of the product maters for everyone whether the company or the customers. It puts a great impact on marketing strategy. 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The Western World - 914 Words

Throughout history, Africa has been a vulnerable player in the eyes of the rest of the world. From the slave trade to various civil right injustices that have taken place over in every century, we have studied in this class, we have been able to see the lasting impact on the continent as a ramification of certain events occurring. Using sources from the text, I will attempt to prove how the western world, exercised their power to capitalize on the African continent, in addition to the exploitation of the African people and land. We begin with the early origins of Africa, and the civilizations in place before, the Western world had an influence on them. Africa like the other continents had its array of civilizations set up in the different nation states, their own power systems, economy, and way of living, ways that differed, but resembled other civilizations as well. 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Analysis of Marketing Strategy and Plan

Question: Explain about the marketing strategy and plan. Answer: The market analysis shall consist of the following constituents: Customers- The assignment relates to the Vietnamese population taking the library services in Victoria, Australia. These services would be provided for the customers availing the services of the Vietnamese immigrants comprising of different religions. As such, books and various other resources relating to the English language as well as the citizenship test practice shall be utilized to attract potential customers towards the brand. The customers shall consist of customers from different age groups and demographics. In addition, they shall have a variety of needs and wants to address consumer issues and react accordingly. Free English classes shall enable the library to attract the attention of the substantial Vietnamese population in Vietnam. In addition, to create a positive perception on the Vietnamese population it shall be necessary to develop pertinent marketing policies to assist the business organization in its growth. As such, it can be said these policies have to be based o n the Vietnamese culture and traditions to create greater consumer awareness. Product - The product and service offerings shall include meeting the needs of the business organization. The product shall also include provide all the educational requirements of its consumers. In this regard, the product offerings would include the online resources that would assist the individuals to Australian culture and religion. As such, books comprising of different topics relating to sport, literature, culture and religions pertaining to the local culture shall be applicable for the process. Besides this, textbooks composed of Vietnamese culture and religion would be offered to the students. This would assist the business organization to cater to different sections of the society and have a larger consumer base. The product has to attract the Vietnamese population to ensure larger inflow of sales revenue. In these regard, it can be said that the choices and trends of the consumers have to be considered in a detailed manner to sell products that shall have relevance to the V ietnamese immigrants present in the Brimbank area in Victoria. Industry Benchmark The industry benchmark of library resources shall include the necessary resources of a business enterprise. The sales revenue of a business organization would be compared with the domestic and the international market. In this regard, it can be said that the customer service policies shall also be evaluated with the necessary resources of a business enterprise. According to Hardwick et al. (2014), the industry benchmark shall reflect the necessary constituents that would assist the business enterprise to engage with the necessary standards of a business enterprise. Therefore, to reach a wide section of the consumers it would be necessary to adhere to the standards of the industry and have greater inflow of sales revenue. The industry benchmark shall also relate to the positive consumer perception and the level of consumer service offered to the employees in an organization. Thus, the library ha to meet the expectations of the Vietnamese population to have a positi ve impact on the business performance of an organization . Suppliers - The suppliers would include people who specialize in Vietnamese culture to supply relevant books and documents to aid the organization in its growth. Therefore, the distribution channel has to be organized to enable suppliers in their job. Effective human resources policies shall be formed to develop good relations with the suppliers. Thus, competitive strategies should be taken to retain the existing suppliers and explore newer markets in the Victoria. According to Agudo et al. (2012), the suppliers have an essential part to play to meet consumer demand and expectations and ensure organizational sustainability. Competition - The business competition would be intensive in the market. Thus, it would assist the management of the business organization to frame effective marketing and operational policies to ensure market survival. Acceding to Baker and Parkinson (2016), the competitors would include various educational institutes and other libraries to facilitate market competition. Developing an edge over the consumers would assist the business enterprise to achieve greater sales in the market. Many educational institutional institutions offer these courses to the participants. It shall be essential to understand the needs of the Vietnameese population and the area of expertise they would require training . Target Market The target market segment shall be the Vietnamese culture and population in Victoria and the rest of the country. In this regard, it can be said that the target market segment will enable a business enterprise to meet consumer needs and expectations. The library shall relate to the market segment and offer services accordingly. In this regard, it can be said that the market segment of consumers shall be formed as per the operational an d the marketing policies of a business organization. The target market segment shall consist of people from all age and demographics from the Vietnamese culture and populations. As such, the target market segment shall be school as well as college students of Victoria. According to, Turnbull and Paliwoda (2013), it is essential that the target market segment is identified for achieving a constant rate of sales revenue for the business organization. The target market segment shall be composed of Vietnamese immigrants who are an essential part of the cus tomer base in Victoria. In addition, educational institutions would be a valuable source of revenue for the library. Marketing Objectives The following are the marketing objectives of a business organization Raising consumer awareness - The levels of consumer awareness should increase, leading to greater visibility for the brand. This shall ensure that consumers are aware of the brand and its services. Baudet and van der Meulen (2014), this shall reduce the need for sales promotional and the marketing policies of a business enterprise. In the context of the library it is essential that the marketing policies are structured accordingly to assist the business enterprise in its growth. The services offered to the Vietnamese population shall create a positive influence on the consumer awareness levels and then would lead to business sustainability . Consumer services - The consumer services shall be enhanced leading to positively influencing the consumer services of a brand. Appropriate services at the right time would enable a business organization to facilitate consumer learning. In the case of the Vietnamese immigrants, the library shall have to offer effective consumer services relating to English communication skills and citizenship test practice seminars to the Vietnamese Establishing partnership with local colleges and universities shall assist a library to build greater financial and operational policies of a business enterprise. In this regard, it can be said that the partnerships shall facilitate a business organization to achieve e greater heights in the field of business. Dasgupta et al (2015) mentioned that Extensive business partnerships with reputed business houses should enable a business enterprise to gather resources for ensuring smoother business operations. Developing partnerships with local colleges and universities shall enable the library to attract Vietnamese students to the library. Creating a distinct brand identity shall enable a business organization to frame accurate marketing and operational policies of a business organization. However since it is a relatively unknown brand, the brand has to adopt extensive marketing as well as operational strategies of a business. In the context of the library, it can be said that the brand identity of a library shall attract the young students individuals interested in the Vietnamese culture. This would assist a business enterprise to make strategies to attract educational institutes and institutes of higher learning Expansive marketing strategies - Achieving expansive sales revenue shall enable a business enterprise to facilitate the growth and expansion of a business enterprise. In this regard, it can be said that factors like costs, nature of the product and service line, scale of operations and the size of the workforce are factors that can be considered in establishing expansive marketing policies for a business enterprise to achieve greater sales in the market. The library has to make pertinent strategies to attract a wider customer base after considering the attributes like the characteristics of the market as well as the demands of the Vietnamese Marketing Strategies The marketing strategy of a business enterprise can be explained through the 4 ps of marketing Product- Product refers to the nature and the quality of the service offering. Here, the capabilities of a product to match the needs as well as the expectations of the consumers are also considered. The library shall offer essential books and services pertaining to Vietnamese culture and traditions as per the demand of consumers in the society. Place- The library shall be located in place where it is easily accessible to the common public. In this regard, it can be said that the commercial viability of the institution shall be facilitated if it is located in a popular destination, which is frequently visited by college and school students. (Solomon et al. 2013). Therefore, the students shall acquire and gather knowledge with minimum amount of time and resources. Price The price of a product or a service have a large influence on consumer perception. The marketing plan shall reflect the consumer service provided like - Promotion - Adequate sales promotional policies should be conducted to raise consumer awareness about the new services provided by the library. Efforts should be made to develop informal relationships with the local Vietnamese population. According to Newton, P. and Meyer (2013), This would enable the entity gather sufficient income that would complement its business initiatives. The new services offered by the library would assist the Vietnamese section of the society to improve their English speaking and writing skills. Implementation strategies The following implementation strategies can be taken to create an effective marketing plan Reasonable cost - The books shall be lend at a reasonable cost to the buyer. This would ensure a steady flow of consumers, thereby, leading to greater sales revenue for the brand. In addition, this would assist prospective customers towards the brand. Organizing sales promotional events - To organize sales promotional events would facilitate a business enterprise to develop interpersonal relationships with consumers. In addition, this shall create more visibility for the brand and shall assist the business organization to sustain brand loyalty. Identifying consumer trends and preferences - It remains essential to recognize consumer trends and preferences of the Vietnamese population and react accordingly. Special emphasis should be laid on Vietnamese culture and traditions in Victoria. Framing marketing strategies as per the marketing policies shall assist the entity to gain a bigger market share. Emergence of substitute training service providers in the Victoria shall pose a serious threat to the business prosperity of the library. As such essential marketing and operational policies shall be required to overcome such threat and emerge successful in the market. Budget Costs Budget Costs - The Budget costs shall be reasonable as per the goals and objectives of a business organization. The business organization should be set at $41,183.85 annually. It is expected that such cost shall address the issues in the daily business functionalities. The project staffing cost will incur the largest expenses, and would occupy 79.64% of the total project budget (Mihart 2012). The business activities ranging from purchase of goods, lending of buildings as well as the transportation costs shall be covered by the budget costs in the business organization. In addition, the variable expenses for the organization shall be covered by the business organization. Evaluation Plan The evaluation plan of the library shall be assessed as per the goals and the objectives pre-determine d at the outset. Thus, the sales revenue and customer satisfaction levels of the organization shall be evaluated based on meeting customer targets and organizational expectation levels. The project is expected a rise in profits within the next six months. References Agudo, J.C., Crespo, A.H. and Bosque, I.R., 2012. Adherence to customer loyalty programs and changes in buyer behaviour. The Service Industries Journal, 32(8), pp.1323-134. Baker, M.J. and Parkinson, S.T., 2016. Organizational buying behaviour: purchasing and marketing management implications. Springer. Baudet, H. and van der Meulen, H., 2014. Consumer Behaviour and Economic Growth in the Modern Economy (RLE Consumer Behaviour) (Vol. 1). Routledge. Dasgupta, P., Southerton, D., Ulph, A. and Ulph, D., 2015. Consumer Behaviour with Environmental and Social Externalities: Implications for Analysis and Policy. Environmental and Resource Economics, pp.1-36. East, R., Wright, M. and Vanhuele, M., 2013. Consumer behaviour: applications in marketing. Sage. Hardwick, J., Delarue, L., Ardley, B. and Taylor, N., 2014. Mobile phones purchases and consumer decision making process: the role of Facebook online advertising. Computer-Mediated Marketing Strategies: Social Media and Online Brand Communities: Social Media and Online Brand Communities, p.303. Mihart, C., 2012. Impact of integrated marketing communication on consumer behaviour: Effects on consumer decision-making process.International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(2), p.121. Newton, P. and Meyer, D., 2013. Exploring the attitudes-action gap in household resource consumption: Does environmental lifestyle segmentation align with consumer behaviour?. Sustainability, 5(3), pp.1211-1233. Saleh, M.A., Ali, M.Y. and Julian, C.C., 2014. International buyer behaviourcommitment relationship: An investigation of the empirical link in importing.International Business Review, 23(2), pp.329-342. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A. and Carlson, J., 2013. Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Solomon, M.R., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., 2013. Consumer behaviour: Buying, having, being. Pearson Australia. Spurling, N., McMeekin, A., Shove, E., Southerton, D. and Welch, D., 2013. Interventions in practice: re-framing policy approaches to consumer behaviour. Manchester: Sustainable Practices Research Group. Turnbull, P.W. and Paliwoda, S.J., 2013. Research in international marketing(Vol. 39). Routledge.